Two essays on utilitarianism, written from opposite points of
view, by J. J. C. Smart and Bernard Williams. In the first part of
the book Professor Smart advocates a modern and sophisticated
version of classical utilitarianism; he tries to formulate a
consistent and persuasive elaboration of the doctrine that the
rightness and wrongness of actions is determined solely by their
consequences, and in particular their consequences for the sum
total of human happiness. This is a revised version of Professor
Smart''s famous essay ''an outline of a system of utilitarian
ethics'', first published in 1961 but long unobtainable. In Part II
Bernard Williams offers a sustained and vigorous critique of
utilitarian assumptions, arguments and ideals. He finds inadequate
the theory of action implied by utilitarianism, and he argues that
utilitarianism fails to engage at a serious level with the real
problems of moral and political philosophy, and fails to make sense
of notions such as integrity, or even human happiness itself. Both
authors are agreed on utilitarianism''s importance: it cuts across a
number of different philosophical disputes and combines a
systematic account of mata-ethical problems with a distinctive and
substantive moral stand. It thus is, or involves, philosophy in
both the traditional and the narrower, professional sense of the
word, and is a key topic often the first topic in introductory
philosophy courses. This book should also be of interest to welfare
economists, political scientists and decision-theorists.
目錄：
1. An outline of a system of utilitarian ethics J. J. C.
Smart
2. A critique of utilitarianism Bernard Williams
Bibliography J. J. C. Smart.
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