第一章 语言与语言学
Chapter One Language and Linguistics
第二章 语音学与音系学
Chapter Two Phonetics and Phonology
第三章 构词法与词汇
Chapter Three Morphology and Lexicon
第四章 句法
Chapter Four Syntax
第五章 语义学
Chapter Five Semantics
第六章 语用学
Chapter Six Pragmatics
第七章 语言变体
Chapter Seven Varieties of Language
第八章 语言与心理、文化、社会、计算机
Chapter Eight Language and Mind, Culture, Society and Computer
第九章 语言学与外语教学
Chapter Nine Linguistics and Foreign Language Teaching
第十章 现代语言学理论与流派
Chapter Ten Theories and Schools of Modern Linguistics
內容試閱：
试题详解与考点分析
Define the following terms:
1 historical linguistics
【考点提示】本题考查的是历史语言学。
Historical linguistics is the study of the change in individual language and in languages generally. It is main concerns: to describe and account for observed changes in particular languages; to reconstruct the history of languages and determine their relatedness, grouping them into language families; to develop general theories about how and why language 1changes; to describe the history of communities; to study the history of words. For example, it is generally accepted that the history of the English language is divided into the periods of Old English, Middle English, and Modern English.
2 pragmatics
【考点提示】考查语用学的定义。
Pragmatics is the study of the language in use.
3 emotive function of language
【考点提示】本题考查语言的情感功能。
When language is used to change the emotional states of an audience or used to express the speakers emotions or attitudes towards something or some person，it is called the emotive function of language.
4 recreational function
【考点提示】本题考查的是语言的娱乐功能。
The recreational function of language refers to that no one will deny the use of language for the pure joy of using it, such as a baby’s babbling or a chanter’s chanting.
5 arbitrary at the syntactic level
【考点提示】本题考查句法层面的任意性。
According to systematic-functionalists and American functionalists, language is not arbitrary at the syntactic level. There is a certain degree of correspondence between the sequence of clauses and the real happenings of the events. That is to say, syntax is less arbitrary than words, especially in so far as this kind of order is concerned. The structural order represents human beings’cognitive order.
6 metalanguage
【考点提示】本题考查对元语言的认识。
The language used to analyze or describe a language itself. 2 points For example, the sentence: In English, the phoneme b , a voiced bilabial stop is in metalanguage. It explains that the b-sound in English is made with vibration of the vocal cords and with the two lips stopping the airstream from the lungs. 2 points
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