各题型素材补充及题目解析
1. Person题型素材补充及题目解析。
人物一直是托福口语考试的热门话题，回顾历年考试真题，不难发现，人物题型无非分为两大类型： familiar people与celebrity。在描述人物时，最直观的印象应该是人的外貌了，但是在历年考试题目里，很少出现要求考生描述人物外形的题型，而且很少有考生能够在考场上短时间内快速描述出一个有特点的人物外貌，所以外貌并不是最合适的题材。经过总结发现，大多数人物题型，我们都可以用人的personality来描述，也就是人物的性格特点，如果是familiar people的话，同学们应该对自己身边的人都是比较熟悉的，可以按照自己的真实情况来整理答案；如果是celebrity的题型，那同学们在整理答案的时候，不要局限于某一个人，这样只会限制住自己的思路，要把答案扩展到这一类人都共有的特点，这样会更容易地想出合适的答案。下面以例题为证。
题型示例：
Please describe two singers you are familiar with, and what are their similarity and difference? Use reasons and specific examples to support your opinion.
解析：
在这道题目中，关键词是difference和similarity，在比较歌手时，国籍、外形、性别等都可以用来对比，但是细节很难展开，所以可以选用合适的personality来当作入手点。
同学们可以根据自己平时的生活经验，思考一下歌手共有的特点，popular，talented，hard-working都比较合适；针对不同点，比较明显的就是歌手的style有些不同。根据以上这些特点，同学们可以举出一些具体事例来进一步解释说明这些特点。
所以，根据以上几点，可以发现，要想把这道题答好，对于一些不热衷于任何歌手的同学来说，其实不用花费很多时间来思考这两个歌手到底是谁，只需要把握好人物题型答题的本质，问题就可以迎刃而解。
【示范】
Personally, I’d like to talk about Chen Qizhen and Cui Jian, who both are famous singers in China. They are very popular among Chinese people, and their songs are so widely known that every time I go shopping in those big shopping malls or have dinner with my friends in some restaurant, I always can hear their songs played.
But they still have some differences, especially their music styles. Chen Qizhen mainly creates lyric songs, which reflect some understanding of life, or encourage people to chase dream, making people calm down and relax whey they feel upset; but, most of Cui Jian’s songs are rock roll, with the electronic guitar and drum backing, his songs always cheer people up and make people full of energy.
【答案分析】
Task 1Task 2的答题时间只有45s，所以同学们在回答问题时，一定要重视时间的把握，合理分配答案结构。结合上文的答题模版，在以上示例答案中，Personally, I’d like to talk about Chen Qizhen and Cui Jian是主题句，第二句话who both are famous singers in China，是为了给评分人提供一些背景信息，告诉评分人所选取的人物的身份。They are very popular，表明这两位歌手的相同点，用自己的例子来支持说明这两位歌手是如何受欢迎会更有说服力。因为题目问的是相同点和不同点，用but表示转折，来表示相同点和不同点的对比，举例说明歌曲风格不同，并添加主观感受，让示例衔接自然。同学们在答题过程中尽量做到发音清晰洪亮，语气衔接自然连贯。
在上一章节Task 1和Task 2的部分，我们介绍了独立题型的答题模板，在Task 3到Task 6里，每道题目也有自己相应的答题模板。为了让答案结构清晰有逻辑性，答题模板是必不可少的一个部分，所以我们来看一下在Task 3有哪些词句可以构成答题模板。
① 转述阅读部分：通知的主要内容或者信件的提议，还有两个原因都要简要转述。20s
通知类型：The school has implemented a new policy that… due to…and…
The universitycollege is going to…for two reasons. One reason is…and another reason is…
信件类型：The writer of the letter proposes...because…and…
The student in the letter suggests that… since…and…
② 转述听力部分：描述听力文本中人物的观点，逐点详细说明原因。40s
And the womanman holds a positivenegative view towards the announcement...
In the conversation, the woman cast doubt on the proposal...
The man in the conversation doesn’t like the decision...
The manwoman in the conversation disagrees...
He or she feels unhappyless satisfied about…
Firstly, he thinkssays…
As for the first problem...
AlsoSecondly he points out that…
In addition, in his opinion...
③ 如果同学们转述完阅读部分和听力部分内容，还剩余4～5s的时间，还可以加总结句，但是切记一定要保证阅读部分和听力部分的内容转述完整准确。
So that’s why the woman dislikes the proposal.
Based on the above reasons, the man thinks it is a good idea to…
2 答题模板应用
【阅读】
计算机室纸张使用新规定（New Printing Rules in the Computer Lab）
大学将限定计算机室的纸张使用量（The university is planning to limit the usage of printing paper in the computer lab），规定每个月每名学生打印不得超出100份（fewer than 100 pieces each student per month）。因为现在有些学生总在抱怨有太多纸被浪费，而且打印机总是卡纸（because some students complain that too much paper is wasted and the printer often gets paper stuck in the machine）。通过此项新规定，就能节约大量纸张，而且能够保证机器的正常运转。
【听力】
W: 你相信么？（Can you believe this?）计算机室居然要开始限制打印纸张的使用了！
M: 我听说很多学生都在写信抱怨计算机室浪费纸张的现象。
W: 哦，那只是他们不了解真正的问题出在哪（they just don’t see where the real problem is）。不是我们想浪费纸，至少不是故意的。是因为学生们不太清楚到底应该怎样使用他们的学习材料（It is because students don’t have a clear sense as for how to make use of their learning material）。学生们从网上下载好学习资料后（downloading materials from the Internet），没法分清哪些是有用的，哪些是没用的，为了不错过某些重要文件，只能全部打印了（In case they miss some important documents, they just print all documents out）。
M: 你说的对。学生们没时间也没能力即刻分清哪些资料需要打印，哪些不需要。但是，打印机在工作频繁时，总是会卡纸。
W: 打印机出现故障是因为打印机太旧了（The malfunction of the printer is due to the fact that our printer is too old to work smoothly），如果能有一个新的打印机，肯定不会和现在一样出现这么多故障。
The woman expresses her opinion of the university’s plan. State her opinion and explain the reasons she gives for holding that opinion.
【示范】
The university is going to limit the usage of paper in the computer lab. Because students are complaining that too much paper are wasted and the printer always get stuck with paper. But in the listening, the woman disagrees with the change. For the first reason, she thinks that students are not intentionally wasting paper. Because they cannot tell what study material is useful and what is not useful, they have to print all the material they download. Besides, she says that the printer always get stuck paper is caused by the bad condition of the printer, they are too old. So what the university needs to do is to change a new printer, which can solve the problem. Based on the above reasons, the woman disagrees with the announcement.
【答案分析】
根据前面的笔记即文本分析，这道题目的阅读部分属于通知类型，画线部分属于答题模板，The university is going to limit the usage of paper in the computer lab表明阅读部分的主要内容，because…and…引出阅读部分的两个原因；but表示转折，引出听力部分主角反对的态度，for the first reason和besides分别表示听力里的两个原因。从内容方面来讲，students are not intentionally wasting paper和the printer always get stuck paper is caused by the bad condition of the printer这两句话的作用是和前面阅读部分的两个原因分别建立对应关系，所以也是必不可少的。
我们再通过一些题目来练习一下答题模板的使用。
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