第三节 考查要点
根据大纲规定的英语知识运用的考查目标、考试内容以及历年英语知识运用的命题规律,词义辨析、固定搭配、逻辑关系和上下文语义等都是常见的考点,且各考点并不是孤立的。例如,词义辨析往往依据上下文和词语的搭配习惯,逻辑关系也与上下文语义联系紧密。
一、词义辨析
此考点往往涉及对名词、动词、形容词和副词等的考查,旨在测试考生是否准确掌握词义。例如:
And then the 9 happens: You lose your patience and either scream at your kids or say something that was a bit too 10 and does nobody any good.
9. [A] mysterious [B] illogical [C] inevitable [D] suspicious
本题考查形容词辨析。本句意为“然后 事情就会发生了:你失去了耐心,要么对孩子大喊大叫,要么说一些过于 且对任何人都无益的话”。联系上句可知,父母对孩子失去耐心、大喊大叫是不可避免的事情。观察四个选项,A项“神秘的;奇怪的;不易解释的;陌生的”,B项“悖理的;不合逻辑的”,C项“不可避免的;不能防止的;总会发生的”,D项“可疑的,怀疑的,不信任的”。C项the inevitable指“不可避免的事”,代入文中符合题意。故本题选C。
二、固定搭配
此考点主要考查动词与介词、副词,名词与介词、名词,介词与名词等的固定搭配。它要求考生对一些固定搭配(以介词搭配为主)以及常用的英文习惯用语进行必要的识记。此类题型灵活度较低,主要考查考生对常见语言知识的掌握。例如:
His name isn’t much. G. I. is just a military abbreviation meaning Government Issue, and it was on all of the articles handed out to soldiers. And Joe A common name for a guy who never 9 it to the top.
9. [A] pushed [B] got [C] made [D] managed
本题考查固定搭配。句意为“至于乔,只是个从未 上层社会的人的普通名字”。make it 在习惯用语中有“取得成功,得以……”的意思。We made it. 意为“我们成功了”或“我们做到了”。make it quick, make it easy 等表达中的it都是模糊指代,没有特定意义。所以,made符合句意与搭配,C项为正确答案。
三、逻辑关系
此考点主要考查考生理解句子逻辑关系、选择逻辑连接词、实现语义连贯的能力。把握上下句严密的逻辑关系,是分析已知信息并寻找解题线索的关键步骤。例如:
In fact these commutes were reportedly more enjoyable compared with those without communication, which makes absolute sense, 19 human beings thrive off of social connections.
19. [A] unless [B] since
[C] if [D] whereas
本题考查逻辑关系。本句意为“实际上,根据报道,与没有交流的通勤相比,这样的通勤更令人愉快,这是合乎情理的, 人类是在社会交往中向前发展的”。观察全句可知,人类的发展建立在相互交流中,因此前后为因果关系,B项since“因为”符合题意。unless“除非”、if “如果”和whereas“然而”均不符合逻辑。
四、上下文语义
此考点主要考查考生是否具有充分运用文章暗示的信息来正确理解一篇被挖空的英语文章的能力。英语知识运用文章的前后文信息常常形成呼应关系,这些呼应性的信息就是出题者给考生提供的已知信息。上下文语义题就是要求考生运用这些已知信息选出合适的答案。例如:
He appears as a character, or a collection of American personalities, in the 1945 movie The Story of G. I. Joe, based on the last days of war correspondent Ernie Pyle. Some of the soldiers Pyle 13 portrayed themselves in the film. Pyle was famous for covering the human side of the war ...
13. [A] employed [B] appointed
[C] interviewed [D] questioned
本题考查上下文语义。前一句提出这部电影是根据战地记者派尔后的日子拍摄的,本句的主要意思是一些士兵还在电影里自己扮演自己。四个选项意思分别为employ“雇用”,appoint“指定,指派”,interview“采访”,question“审讯”。根据前句提供的信息,可知派尔是一位战地记者,而后一句中也提到派尔因报道战争而出名,那么这些士兵应该是派尔采访过的士兵。所以C项为正确答案。
第二章完形填空语法精讲
语法是考研英语的基础,虽然在考试中没有明确列出单独测试语法的题型,但对语法知识的考核贯穿于整张试卷,尤其是完形填空,对语法的考查更为明显。因此,本章挑选了完形填空中重点考查的语法知识,旨在帮助考生在较短时间内掌握语法,提升完形填空的作答能力。
节 主谓一致原则
英语中,主语和谓语在数、性和格上应该保持一致,但在实际应用中很容易被忽视,尤其是当主语和谓语之间出现插入语时,故主谓一致是考试的难点之一。主谓一致的考点具体如下:
1.复数原则
两个或者两个以上的名词由and连接作主语时,或主语由both ... and ...连接时,谓语动词用复数。
Baseball and swimming are usually summer sports.
Both bread and butter are sold in that grocery.
2.就近原则
由 either ... or ..., neither ... nor ..., not only ... but also ..., ... or ..., there be ...等引导的主语,谓语动词的单复数取决于靠近动词的名词的单复数。
Not only the students but also their teacher is invited to attend the party.
3.就远原则
主语 as well as 另一个主语,谓语动词的单复数取决于个主语的单复数。
My mother, as well as my two brothers, has a key to the office.
我母亲,还有我的两个哥哥都有一把办公室的钥匙。
同例:with ..., together with ..., along with ..., including ..., in addition to ..., besides ..., except ..., as much as ..., accompanied by ..., rather than ...等。
4.单数原则
(1)表示时间、距离、价值、量度的复数名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数。
One hundred dollars is a large sum for the poor.
(2)and连接两个名词表示一个概念作主语时,谓语用单数;若表示多个不同的概念时,谓语动词用复数。
War and peace is a constant theme in literature.
战争与和平是文学中永恒的主题。(War and peace是一对概念,看作一个主题)
同例:ham and eggs (火腿蛋) husband and wife
law and order bread and butter
apple pie and ice cream fork and knife
wheel and axle (轮轴) needle and thread
love and hate egg and rice (蛋炒饭)
The writer and translator is delivering a speech in our university tonight. (指同一个人)
The writer and the translator are delivering a speech in our university tonight. (指两个人)
A black and a white dog are playing in the yard. (指两只狗)
A black and white dog is playing in the yard. (指一只狗)
(3)动词不定式、动名词、名词性从句作主语时,谓语动词用单数。
Early to bed and early to rise makes one healthy, wealthy and wise.(指“早睡早起”这一件事)
To work hard is necessary.
What I said and did is of no concern to you.
Reading three classical novels and making some social investigations are assignments for the students during the holiday. (注意:指不同性质的两件事,谓语用复数)
(4)many a / more than one 单数可数名词,尽管表示复数意义,谓语仍用单数。
Many a student has made such a mistake.
More than one stranger agrees with me.