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创客精选项目设计与制作 第2版 刘笑笑 颜志勇 严国陶
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Theonlyproject-basedbookdedicatedtounderstandingandimplementingMaya''spowerfuln-toolsforcreatingrealisticcharactersforfilm,games,andTV.Non-DisclosureinEffect:DONOTPROMOTE
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| 內容簡介： |
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CreaterealisticcharacterswithMayatoolsandthisproject–basedbookMayacharactergenerationtoolsareextremelysophisticated,andthere′snobetterwaytolearnalltheircapabilitiesthanbyworkingthroughtheprojectsinthishands–onbook.ThisofficialguidefocusesonunderstandingandimplementingMaya′spowerfultoolsforcreatingrealisticcharactersforfilm,games,andTV.Useavarietyoftoolstocreatecharactersfromskeletontoclothing,includinghairstylesandfacialhair,andlearnhowtousePerformanceCapture.ADVDincludessupplementaryvideos,projectsupportfiles,textures,tools,professionalshaders,andmore.Thisproject–basedbookfocusesonMaya′spowerfultoolsforcreatingrealisticcharactersforTV,film,andgamesCoverskeytechniquesnecessarytomakeacharacterworkinaprofessionalsetting:texturing,sub–surfacescattering,hair,fur,homemademotion–capture,musclesystems,andclothingIncludesaDVDfeaturingsupplementaryvideos,projectsupportfiles,textures,tools,professionalshaders,andmoreAnAutodeskOfficialTrainingGuideMayaStudioProjects:PhotorealisticCharactersisanexcellenttrainingaidforbothMayanewcomersandseasonedpros.
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| 關於作者： |
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ToddPalamarbeganhiscareercreatingtraditionalspecialeffectsforlow-budgethorrormoviesandquicklygravitatedtocomputeranimation.Afterworkingonnumerousstraight-to-videomovies,heenteredthevideogameindustry.Toddhasextensivefreelanceexperience,includingdozensofmilitaryandgame-stylesimulations,corporatecommercials,andthemeparkrides.Inaddition,hehaswrittenseveralMayabooks,includingMayaStudioProjects:Dynamics.
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| 目錄：
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1 Body Skeletons.
2 Face Rigging.
3 Hair.
4 Fur.
5 Blood and Sweat.
6 Clothing.
7 Performance Capture.
8 Composition.
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| 內容試閱：
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NurtureTheNatureByMichaelGurianJohnWileySonsCopyright?2007MichaelGurianAllrightreserved.ISBN:978-0-7879-8633-9ChapterOneEscapingtheSocialTrendsParentingSystemMystresslevelandthatofmyhusbandissohigh,andit''sthesameforourkids.Whatwereallywantistofindtheloveandhealthydirectionafamilyissupposedtobe.-CARLAJAMES,MOTHEROFTHREECHILDRENCARLACAMETOSEEMEWITHTEARSINHEREYES.HERFIFTEEN-year-olddaughter,Katie,wouldnotspeaktoher,shesaid,andhertwelve-year-oldson,Andy,wasobsessedwithvideogames.Carlafeltoverwhelmed,unsureofhowtobeaparent,andunabletogetthehelpfromfamily,school,andfriendsthatsheneeded.SheworriedthatKatiewouldbecomepromiscuous."Thewayshedresses,thewaysheacts,it''sbecomingoutofcontrol,"Carlasaid."AndnomatterwhatmyhusbandorIdo,oursonAndyjustlivesinhisownworld,hisownlittlebox.AndIknowit''snotjustmeandmykids.Itseemslikealotofmykids''friendsarehavingthesamekindofproblems.They''regoodkids-deepdowntheseareallgoodkids-andwe''reagoodfamily,butthere''ssomethingwrong.We''rejusttoostressedout!"Anothercouple,AngieandBertStohl,broughttheirdaughter,Susan,toseeme.WhenImetthisyoungwomanofsixteen,Isawdarkcirclesunderhereyes.Susanwassobusysheonlygotfivehoursofsleeppernightsheneedednine,andsomeofthatwasfitful.Shewaslosingherselftothestressofeverydaylife,compoundedbylackofsleep.ForSusanitwaslikeabadgeofhonorthatshecouldsurvivewithsolittlesleep.Atthesametime,shewasactinginwaysthatdidnotfithernaturalneedsasateenager:shewasnothealthy.Inanothercase,theRoycefamilycametomewiththeirson,Devin,whowasfailingfirstgrade.Welllikedbyotherkids,hedidnotperforminthewayeitherhisparentsorschoolwantedhimto.Hisparentshaddonealltherightthingsforproducingahigh-performingson:readingtohimearly,playingBabyEinsteintapes,puttinghiminthebestschool.Theyhadevenstartedhimonthecomputeratthreeyearsold.Buthisteachersaid,"Devinsimplyrefusestoconcentrateandlearn."Attheageofsix,Devinwaswettingthebedagainandbeginningtowithdrawfromschool.Theseareallgoodfamilies,goodpeople,tryingtheirbest.Buttheyarestruggling,andtheyarenotalone.Iconstantlyreceivee-mailsandlettersfromparentsandothercaregiverswhonoticesignificantstressandanxietyintheirfamiliesandthefamiliesaroundthem.Someofthestresstheynoticeshowsupasdisordersintheyoungchildren,someaslistlessnessintheyoungadults,whojustaren''tfindingsuccessoraplaceintheworld.EverywhereItravelinmycommunitywork,I''mseeingfamiliesstrugglingwithstressed-outchildren.Theseparentslovetheirkids,andthesekidswanttogrowanddevelopsuccessfully.Butsomethingiswrong.Inthischapter,let''salltakeacollectivepauseforbreath.Let''sfigureoutwhat''swrong.Inthebusynessofcontemporarylife,let''sasktherightquestionsinourownhomesandschools.Ifyoufeelasthougheverythinghasspedupandisgoingtoofastandthereisn''tenoughtimeinthedaytodoitall,pauseamomentandaskyourselfsomequestions:Ismychild''slifeoverscheduled?AmIspendingalldaytakingchildrenfromoneclass,rehearsal,workout,teampractice,andsocialeventtoanother?Ifso,why?Isthefranticstruggletokeepupwithotherkidsandtheirparentsdoingmychilddamage?Ifso,doIsenseitbutfeelpowerlessagainstit?DoIhaveachildwhojust"doesn''tfit"theconventionalexpectationsofwell-intentionedteachers,doctors,andotherexpertswhocomplainabouthimorher?Ismychildjustplain"different"?Ismyfive-,six-,orseven-year-oldonbehavioralmedication,unabletocalmdownorfunctionproperlywithoutachemicalstimulant?Orhasthismedicationbeenrecentlysuggestedformyyoungchild,thoughIdon''tbelievedeepdownthatheneedsit?Hasmyteenagedaughtergottenintotroublerecentlyinwaysthatseem"notwhosheis"?Hasmyteenagesonbegunturningawayfrommyhomeandauthorityindangerousways?DoIworryconstantlyaboutmychildgettingintothebestcollege-anddoesthatstresspushmetocreateanoverwhelmingdailylifeformykid?Ismychildobsessedwiththecomputer,videogames,television,cellphones,textmessaging,blogging,orother"electronicaddictions"?Doesmychildhaveamaterialisticsenseofentitlementthatcrippleshisorherabilitytofullymatureandfindpurposeandmeaning?DoIliveinaconstantanxietythatIasaparentamfailingoneormoreofmychildren?Manyfamiliesandchildrentodayarenotnecessarilysick,ill,ordestroyed,butneverthelesssufferfromoneormoreoftheseissues.Somechildrenplaythreesports,haveteamandpersonalcoaches,andarerushingfromonegruelingathleticpracticetoanother.Someareconstantlytakingtest-prepworkshops,danceclasses,andmusicclasses,andarerehearsingdailyforoneacademicorartisticperformanceafteranother.Othersdevelopsocialoremotionalskillsbutlittlecharacter.Stillothersactoutinuncivil,angryways,whileatthesametimestrugglingtokeepupwiththelatestcompetitivetrends.Ibelievethesechildrenandtheirparentsaresufferingfromchronicstress.Aftertwodecadesofresearchandpractice,Inowbelievethatfartoomanyfamiliessufferfromthisdangerouscondition.Let''spauseforamomenttolookatitcarefullysothatwecanprotectourfamiliesfromit,thenlet''slookatamajorsocialforcethatmightbecausingit-onewecanbattleverywellifwedecidetobecomerevolutionaryandnurturethenatureofourchildren.WhatIsChronicStressintheAmericanFamily?Stress-whetherthedailystressoflifeoramajortrauma,suchasacaraccidentordeathinthefamily-isaconstantinourlivesandinthelivesofourchildren.It''snormalforourkids''brainsandbodiestoexperiencesurroundingsofgreatcomplexity,allthewhiletryingtomaintainstability.Muchofthisiswhatneurologistscall"positivestress."Ourbodiesandmindsworktounderstandandintegratethestressor-putoutthedailyfire;learnanew,difficultskill;recoverfromanaccident;orallowgriefintoourlives-andwenoticethatwe''vegainedstrength,understanding,newpower,newpurpose.Thuswecansaythatthestresshasbeenhelpfulandmeaningful,andourbrainshavenotstrayedintodanger.Negativestress,incontrast,issomethingweneedtobeverycarefulabout,especiallywithourchildren.Inthemostgeneralterms,asexpertsattheUniversityofMarylandMedicalSchoolwroterecently,"Whenthesesymptomspersist,youareatriskforserioushealthproblems.Thiskindofstresscanexhaustyourimmunesystem.Recentresearchdemonstratesthat90percentofillnessisstress-related."Whenstressgoesbeyondthestimulatingpositivestressandbecomesdebilitatingnegativestress,symptomsfallintothreecategories:physical,emotional,andrelational.Physicalsymptomsincludesleepdisturbance;weightgainorweightloss;fatigue;asthmaorshortnessofbreath;andincreasesinviralandbacterialinfections,migraines,orothertensionheadaches.Emotionalandpsychologicalsymptomsincludeanxiety,depression,moodiness,lackofconcentrationormotivation,feelingoutofcontrol,substanceabuse,andoverreactiontodailysituations.OppositionalDefiantDisorderODD,ObsessiveCompulsiveDisorderOCD,AttentionDeficitDisorderADD,andAttentionDeficitHyperactivityDisorderADHDareallexacerbatedbynegativestress.Relationalsymptomsincludeantisocialbehavior;increasedarguments,nastiness,conflicts,andisolationfromothers;andincreasedaggressionandviolence.Whendoesnegativestressbecomechronicstress?Whenthestresscontinuesforyearsatatime.ThequestionIbeganaskingtenyearsago,whenIstartedidentifyingnegativestresspatternsinfamiliesliketheJameses,Stohls,andRoyces,wasthisone:"Couldourfamiliesandlargenumbersofourchildrenbeexperiencingnotjustnegativestressforagivendayorweek,butasociallysanctionedchronicstress?"Andcontinuingalongthoselines,"Coulditbethatwedon''trealizetheextentofthisconditioninourownhomes,schools,andcommunities?"Havingconductedsomeclinical"detectivework,"IbelieveIcannowanswerthesequestions.ResearchonChronicStressPresentscientificresearchonchronicstressappearsmainlyintwofieldsofscientificinquiry:Studyofchildrentraumatizedintheirearlyrelationshipsbyinadequateorviolentcareatthehandsofparentsandcaregiversthisincludesabuse.Suchtraumaraisescortisollevelsstresshormonelevelsandthus"rewires"normalbrainchemistryandcircuitry.Studyoffamiliescaringforseverelydisabledorchronicallyillindividuals.Boththeillindividualandtheconstantlyvigilantcaregivercanexperienceraisedcortisolthatcanleadtodepressionandotherbrainchemistryissues.Whenthesepeopleareacutelystressed,theyexhibitandreporttheseexperiences:Feelingasthoughtheyarealwaysrushing,alwayslate,alwaysontherunTakingontoomuch,keepingtoomanyironsinthefireFeelingoverarousedBecomingshorttemperedFeelingconstantlyanxiousBeingoverreactiveandtenseWorryingagreatdealaboutalotoflittlethingsFocusingonnegatives,especiallynegativeself-judgmentsandnegativejudgmentsofothersclosetothemThinkingalotaboutfailure,possibledisaster,lackofsuccessConstantlyfeelinginadequateLookingatthesesymptoms,aswellasthoselistedearlierassymptomsofchronicstress,IcametorealizethattheyappliedalltoowelltowhatCarlaJamesandsomanyothersfacedintheirfamilies....Ineachcase,parentsandchildrenhadfeltthispanoplyofsymptomsforlongperiodsoftime,butwithoutquitebeingabletofigureoutwhatwasgoingon.OurSurveyAsItriedtounderstandtheconnectionbetweenchronicstressresearchandthefamiliesIwasseeing,IaskedtheGurianInstituteresearchteamtohelpmereachouttoparentsandfindoutwhattheythought.In2005,theGurianInstitutestaffdecidedtomeasurethelevelofparentalstressinfamilies.Weconductedane-mailsurveyinwhichweasked1,859parentsandcaregiverstorankHowsupportedtheyfeltasparentsinthiscultureHowprotectedtheirchildrenwereintheirsocialcirclesWhattheymostfearedasparentsandcaregiversTheresultswerepowerful.Two-thirdsofthesurveyparticipantsconsideredthemselves"unsupportedasparentsintheUnitedStates,"felt"inadequate,"andfelt"constantlyworriedthattheirchildrenwouldbeharmed."Worryforchildren''ssafetyisnaturaltoanygenerationofparents,butthegreatestfearamongparentsinoursurveycamenotfromphysicalviolenceorevenfromterrorismorsexualpredators.Morethantwo-thirdsofparticipantsbelievedthattheirchildrenwereinmoredangerfrom"subtleharms"thantheywerefrom"overtharms."Asonerespondentputit,"Oursocietyhastakencareofalotoftheobviousharmstochildren-likelackoffoodorshelter-butnowthesubtleharmsarefarworse."Subtleharmsforsurveyedparentsincludedmediastereotypesthingirls,buffboysaswellasmediaexploitationofviolenceandinappropriatesexuality,lossoffamilybondingineverydaylife,andhighsocialpressureonkids.Anumberofparticipantsreportedvariationsonthistheme:"Thereareinordinatelyhighsocialandfamilyexpectationsonmykidstoperforminwaysthatjustdon''tfitwhomykidsare.Thisisreallystressingthemout."Alsointerestinginthesurveywasthisfinding:three-quartersoftherespondentsfeltthattheirchildrenwereinmoredangerthantheythemselveshadbeenaschildren.ManyoftheserespondentswerebroughtupduringtheColdWar-atimewhenAmericansthoughttheycouldlosetheirlivesinanuclearcatastropheatanytime-yettheyfeltthattheirchildren''sexposuretosubtleharmsincontemporarysocietywasworse.PreviousWorkonChronicStressinFamiliesThesesurveyresultsinspiredourGurianInstituteteamtolookdeeplyatwhattheseparentsmightbehintingat-especiallythesenseofstressandanxietylinkedtosocialexpectationsandpressures.Wereviewedotherliteratureandsurveysonparentalstress.Althoughoursurveywasperhapsoneofthefirstofitskindtotrytodetermineanexactlinkbetweenchronicstressandfamilylife,therehavebeenothersurveysthatmeasuregeneralparentalanxietyandchildhealth.Theseotherssupportedoursurveyresults.TheMichiganHealthyStartsurveyof2003,forinstance,foundthat66percentofparentsmeasuredat"significantstress"ontheirParentalStressIndex.AccordingtotheMichiganresearchers,thisresultshowedasignificantgenerationalincreasewhentheycomparedthebabyboomerstotheirchildren.TheCarnegie-Melloncorporationconductedalong-termstudyinthe1990sonchildandfamilyhealth,anddiscoveredsignificantparentalandfamilystress.Theycalledthis"aquietcrisisinchildrearing."Thesesurveysfollowedthecallsandhintsofotherresearcherstolookcloselyatfamilystressors.DavidElkind,professorofpsychologyatTuftsUniversityandtheauthorofTheHurriedChild,firstwroteaboutstressedchildreninhisclinicalobservationsinthe1980s.Inthe1990s,anumberoffieldsbegantoreportonchildren''sdeterioratingmentalhealthduetosuchseverefamilystressorsasabuse,neglect,anddangerousmediastimulation.RobinKarr-MorseandMeredithS.WileyreviewedtheliteratureinGhostsfromtheNursery,showingtherootsofviolenceinchronicstressorsinearlychildhood.JaneHealyalsoreviewedtheliteratureinFailuretoConnect,showingcorrelationbetweenexcessivemediaexposureandchildren''sstress.Inthelate1990s,thefieldofphysicaltherapybegantodiscussthepossibilityofaconditiontherapistT.W.Myerscalled"kinestheticdystonia,"aneurophysicalstateinwhichthechild''sbodyisconstantlyunderneuralstressbecauseitislivingoutofsyncwithitsownnaturalneeds.Theexponentialincreaseinchildobesityinthelastdecadefallsintothiscategory.Inthelastfewyears,ournation''scollegeshavealsobeennoticingasituationthatsupportsthechronicstresstheory.InNovember2004,collegehealthserviceworkersfromawidevarietyofschoolsnotedtheseverityandincidenceofstudentmentalhealthreferralsinuniversityhealthservices.StevenHyman,provostofHarvardUniversityandformerdirectoroftheNationalInstituteofMentalHealth,recentlypointedoutthatstudents''mentalstatesarenowsoprecariousthatthey"interferewiththecoremissionoftheuniversity."AccordingtoHaraEstroffMaranoinPsychologyToday,by1996,"anxietyovertookrelationshipconcernsandhasremainedthemajorstudentproblem"instudenthealthservices.Eatingdisordersofsomekindorseveritynowafflict40percentofwomenatsometimeintheircollegecareer.PsychologistPaulE.Joffe,headofthesuicidepreventionteamattheUniversityofIllinoisatUrbana-Champaign,trackstheincreaseofdangerousdrinkingamongyoungpeople.Hefindsamongourlateadolescents"aninvertedworldinwhichdrinkingtooblivionisthewaytofeelconnectedandalive."Continues...ExcerptedfromNurtureTheNaturebyMichaelGurianCopyright?2007byMichaelGurian.Excerptedbypermission.Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthisexcerptmaybereproducedorreprintedwithoutpermissioninwritingfromthepublisher.ExcerptsareprovidedbyDial-A-BookInc.solelyforthepersonaluseofvisitorstothiswebsite.
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