在下面几节中我们将探讨审题的广义内涵，包括切题、列提纲和谋篇技巧等等。
一、审题步骤
审题的目的就是按照我们给出的四种类型，对题目进行归类。主要包括以下几个步骤：
通读：迅速地把题干通读一遍，理解题意。
归类：打开脑海中的记忆库，把题干归为四种基本题型的其中一种。
确认：再次浏览题干，确定归类是否正确。
二、题型分类
无论之前还是以后的托福题型，大致都可以分为四种类型，每种类型都有相应的行文策略和行文模板。在这里我们仅将托福题型的分类原则大致说明一下，并不深入探讨。这样做是为了让读者在阅读时先对托福题型有一个初步的了解，消除陌生感。至于题型分类和应对策略的进一步的知识，将在后面的章节中详细讲解。四大题型归纳如下：
（1）观点对比型
题目给出两个对立的观点，让考生选择其中一个并解释原因，因此也叫做“二选一”或【 AB】。例如： “ Some people prefer to live in a small town. Others prefer to live in a big city. Which place would you prefer to live in? Use speci?c reasons and details to support your answer.”考生需要从【 A】“ small town”和【 B】“ big city”中选择一个来进行“ live in”的动作，并且需要“ Use specific reasons and details to support your answer”。这就是典型的观点对比型题目。
（2）支持反对型题目
问及考生对于某个观点是持赞成还是否决的态度，因此也叫做“投票题”或【√ ×】。例如：“ Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Parents are the best teachers. Use speci?c reasons and examples to support your answer.”考生需要对“ Parents are the best teachers.”这个命题选择“ agree”或者“ disagree”的态度，并且需要“ Use speci?c reasons and examples to support your answer”。这就是典型的支持反对型题目。
（3）观点选择型
题目问及考生就某个观点、对几个可供选择的事物的取舍倾向，因此也叫做“选择题”或【 ABCD】“ Choose one of the following transportation vehicles and explain why you think it has changed people’s lives. Automobiles, bicycles, airplanes. Use speci?c reasons and examples to support your answer.”考生需要在“ Automobiles, bicycles, airplanes”中，选择一种“ transportation vehicles”来论述“ why you think it has changed people’s lives”，并且需要“ Use speci?c reasons and examples to support your answer”。这就是典型的观点选择型题目。
（4）问题分析型
题目问及考生对某个特定观点的个人意见，因此也叫做“分析题”或【 A1 A2A3】。例如： “ People attend college or university for many different reasons for example, new experiences, career preparation, increased knowledge. Why do you think people attend college or university? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.”考生需要对“ Why do you think people attend college or university?”这个特定问题进行分析，并且需要“ Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer”。这就是典型的问题分析型题目。
真正的托福高手，能够在瞬间判断出一个题目是哪种类型，接着根据这种类型给出相应的解题策略。我们希望读者也能在经过训练之后，迅速判别出题目类型，这样再加上我们教你的每种题型的应对方法，就能在考场上节省大量时间。也许当别人还在冥思苦想怎样扣题的时候，你已经把提纲列好，开始写作了。关于题型的判别，我们在接下来的章节中还会有着重介绍。
我们要写好托福文章，就要把这四种文章类型死死地印在脑海之中。下面我们详细讲解它们的特点，最终的目的就是让你在阅读任何一个托福题目之后，知道它属于哪一个类型。这是写好所有托福作文必备的第一步。
（一）观点对比型
给出两个对立的事物或者一个事物对立的两个方面，要求考生支持一方并进行说明。
TOPIC: Some people like A; others like B. Which one do you preferA
or B? Give specific reasons and examples to illustrate your answer.
关键词： Some... others... or prefer
例题：
Some people prefer to live in a small town. Others prefer to live in a big city. Which place would you prefer to live in? Use speci?c reasons and details to support your answer.
Some people prefer to eat at food stands or restaurants. Other people prefer to prepare and eat food at home. Which do you prefer? Use speci?c reasons and examples to support your answer.
Some people believe that university students should be required to attend classes. Others believe that going to classes should be optional for students. Which point of view do you agree with? Use speci?c reasons and details to explain your answer.
Some people think that they can learn better by themselves than with a teacher. Others think that it is always better to have a teacher. Which do you prefer? Use speci?c reasons to develop your essay.
给出两个对立事物或一个事物对立的两个方面，要求考生说明二者为什么不同或比较它们的优缺点，并给出理由。
TOPIC: Some people believe that A while others consider B more appropriate. Give advantages and disadvantages of the two positions and explain which position you support.
关键词： advantages... disadvantages compare contrast
例题：
It has been said, not everything that is learned is contained in books. Compare and contrast knowledge gained from experience with knowledge gained from books. In your opinion, which source is more important? Why?
A company has announced that it wishes to build a large factory near your community. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of this new in?uence on your community. Do you support or oppose the factory? Explain your position.
（二）支持反对型
给出一个论点，此论点不包括两种事物的比较，要求考生支持或反对并给出理由。
TOPIC: Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? AAA. Use specific reasons and details to support your answer.
关键词： agree or disagree
例题：
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Parents are the best teachers. Use speci?c reasons and examples to support your answer.
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Television has destroyed communication among friends and family. Use speci?c reasons and examples to support your opinion.
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Universities should give the same amount of money to their students’ sports activities as they give to their university libraries. Use speci?c reasons and examples to support your opinion.
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? People should sometimes do things that they do not enjoy doing. Use speci?c reasons and examples to support your answer.
（三）观点选择型
题目给出几个可供选择的事物，要求考生说明自己的取舍倾向并给出理由。
TOPIC:... A, B, C, D... Which do you choose? Give specific reasons and examples to illustrate your answer.
关键词： Choose例题：
If you could change one important thing about your hometown, what would you
change? Use reasons and speci?c examples to support your answer.
Choose one of the following transportation vehicles and explain why you think it has changed people’s lives. Automobiles, bicycles, airplanes. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.
……
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