第1招 理清思路——拿下语法填空新题型
本招目标：
语法填空题作为一种新题型，即将在2014 年高考中大范围施行，相较于语法选择题，由于缺少了选项的提示，难度上略有上升，对考生的语法基础要求更高。但是，“万变不离其宗”，不管是语篇填空，还是单句选择，主考的语法点并未发生变化，只要考生系统掌握语法知识，理顺做题思路，加之适当的练习和巩固，就一定能从容拿下语法填空新题型。
绝招传授：
语法填空题是以语篇为基础来设题，在一篇短文中挖出若干个空格。题目的设置主要有两种形式，一种是纯空格类题目，通常考查冠词、介词、代词及连词，答案只能为一个单词；另一种是给定词语类题目，要求用括号中所给词语的正确形式填空，通常考查动词、形容词、副词、名词等，涉及词形变换和词类转换，答案最多不超过3 个单词。基于语法填空题的题型特点，我们应该采用如下的解题思路：
第一步：通读全文，了解大意，理清脉络，初步作答。
语法填空题是在语篇环境下考查考生对语法知识的运用能力，我们首先应快速浏览全文，了解文章大意，理清行文脉络，以便更好地理解句与句之间的语义、逻辑及语法衔接上的关系，为后面寻找做题线索做好铺垫。浏览时，对于有把握的空格可以先填上，后面再进行核查确认。
第二步：逐句分析，逐题作答，寻找线索，各个击破。
通过浏览全文对语篇环境有了整体把握以后，开始逐句进行分析，逐空进行填写。对空格所在的每一个句子都要仔细分析句子结构，判断空格处所缺词充当什么成分，根据空格前后词语的形式，确定所填词语的词性及形式。对于一时没有把握的空格，不要停留太长时间，标记后暂时放下，等到所有题目都做完后再来仔细斟酌。
第三步：查漏补缺，重点突破，没把握处，仔细推敲。
全部题目逐一做完以后，对于没有把握的空格，再来重点突破。由于之前已经对全篇各句都进行了仔细分析，因此无论是对句意还是对句与句之间的衔接关系都会有更深入的把握和理解，也就更容易理清句子的语法结构，从而准确作答。
第四步：重读全篇，仔细核查，语法正确，语义通顺。
最后还要再次通读全篇，对每一个空格进行仔细核查，确保所填词语既符合句子的语法结构，又能使空格前后语义通顺，最终使各句形成结构完整、语义连贯的语篇。此外，还要注意所填词语的拼写是否正确、变形是否规范、大小写是否准确。
提分典例
例1 [2013 广东]
One day, Nick invited his friends to supper. He was cooking some delicious
food in the kitchen. Suddenly, he ___1____ find that he had run out of salt. So Nick called to his son, “Go to the village and buy some salt, but pay a fair price for it: neither too much ___2____ too little.”
His son looked surprised. “I can understand why I shouldn’t pay too much,
Father, but if I can pay less, ___3____ not save a bit of money?”
“That would be a very ___4____ reason thing to do in a big city, but it could
destroy a small village like ours,” Nick said.
Nick’s guests, ___5____ had heard their conversation, asked why they should not
buy salt more cheaply if they could. Nick replied, “The only reason a man would
sell salt ___6____ a lower price would be because he was desperate for money. And
anyone who took advantage of that situation would be showing a lack of respect
___7____ the sweat and struggle of the man who worked very hard to produce it.”
“But such a small thing couldn’t ___8____ possible destroy a village.”
“In the beginning, there was only ___9____ very small amount of unfairness in the
world, but everyone added a little, always ___10____ think that it was only small and
not very important, and look where we have ended up today.”
1. 解析：本空填found。考查动词的时态。分析句子结构可知，所填词应为句子的谓语动词。由开头两句即可知，本文是叙述过去的一个小故事，Suddenly 提示，空格所在句是故事中突然发生的情况，故与前两句时态一致，用一般过去时，将find 转换成found。
2. 解析：本空填nor。考查并列连词。too much 和too little 明显属并列关系，中间需要连词连接。neither… nor… 用于连接并列结构，表示“既不……也不……”，此处表示“既不要给太多，也不要给太少”。
3. 解析：本空填why。考查疑问副词。由句末的问号可知，本句为疑问句；并列连词but 提示，前后表示两种相对的并列情况，结合前后句意及前一句中的why 可知，此处也应该是表示“为什么”之意，故也应填why。Whynot do sth.? 是惯用句式，意为“为什么不……？”
4. 解析：本空填reasonable。考查词性转换。名词thing 需要一个形容词来修饰，副词very 也应该修饰形容词，故在名词reason 后面加上形容词后缀-able，构成形容词reasonable。
5. 解析：本空填who。考查定语从句关系代词。本句的主干结构是Nick’s guests… asked why…，而空格所在部分也存在谓语和宾语结构had heard their conversation，由此可判断，空格所在部分应为从句，所填词应为主、从句的连接词。结合句意分析可知，该从句应为非限制性定语从句，句中缺少主语，故应该使用关系代词who 代替Nick’s guests在从句中充当主语。
6. 解析：本空填at。考查惯用搭配。表示“以什么样的价格”用at a… price。
7. 解析：本空填for。考查惯用搭配。respect 与介词for 搭配使用，表示“对……尊重”。
8. 解析：本空填possibly。考查词性转换。所填词是修饰动词destroy，故应用副词形式。注意possible到possibly的转换形式，不要直接加-ly。
9. 解析：本空填a。考查冠词。amount为单数可数名词，an amount of表示“大量，许多”，后接不可数名词。本句中amount前面有修饰语very small，故填a。
10. 解析：本空填thinking。考查现在分词作伴随状语。逗号前一句主谓结构完整（added 为谓语动词），结合think 及其后句意可判断，空格处应该是非谓语动词作伴随状语，其与逻辑主语everyone 之间是主动关系，故用现在分词thinking。
实战演练
If you are a young student, most of your concerns about your health and
happiness in life are probably focused on the present. Basically, you want to feel
good physically, mentally, and ___1____ emotion now. You probably don’t spend
much time worrying about the distant future, such as ___2____ you will develop heart
disease, or cancer, how you will take care of yourself in your retirement years,
or how long you are going to live. Such thoughts may have crossed your mind
once ___3____ a while. However, if you are in your thirties, forties, fifties, or older, such health-related thoughts are likely to become ___4____ increase important to you.
Regardless of your age, you can make ___5____ number of important changes in your
current lifestyle ___6____ will help you feel better physically and mentally. Recently researchers have found that, even in late ___7____ adult, exercise, strength training with weights, and better food can help elderly individuals significantly improve their health and add happiness ___8____ their life. We know much more about preventive health today than our parents and grandparents ___9____ in the past, giving us the opportunity to avoid some of the health problems that have troubled them. And this new knowledge can be transmitted to our children to help them become ___10____ healthy than our generation.
購物車/收銀台(
0
) | 在線留言板
| 付款方式
| 運費計算
| 聯絡我們
| 幫助中心 |
加入書簽
HOME
新書上架
