Introduction
1 Properties of Materials
1.1 Physical Properties
1.1.1 Mass Density
1.1.2 Theoretical Density or X-ray Density of Solids
1.1.3 Apparent, Bulk, and Tap Densities
1.1.4 Specific Weight
1.1.5 Specific Gravity
1.1.6 Buoyancy and Archimedes'' Principle
1.1.7 Pycnometers for Solids
1.1.8 Density of Mixtures
1.2 Mechanical Properties
1.2.1 Stress and Pressure
1.2.2 Strain
1.2.3 Elastic Moduli and Hooke''s Law
1.2.4 The Stress-Strain Curve
1.2.5 Strain Hardening Exponent
1.2.6 Hardness
1.2.7 Resilience and Modulus of Resilience
1.2.8 Toughness
1.2.9 Maximum Allowable Stress
1.2.10 Fracture Toughness
1.2.11 Brittleness Indices
1.2.12 Creep
1.2.13 Ductile-Brittle Transition
1.2.14 Fatigue
1.2.15 Tribological and Lubricating Properties of Solids
1.2.15.1 Static Friction Coefficient
1.2.15.2 Sliding Friction Coefficient
1.2.16 Ashby''s Mechanical Performance Indices
1.2.17 Order of Magnitude of Mechanical Properties of Solid Materials
1.3 Acoustical Properties
1.3.1 Velocity of Sound in Materials
1.3.2 Sound Intensity
1.3.3 Attenuation of Sound at a Given Distance from a Source
1.3.4 Damping Capacity of Solids and Loss Factor
1.4 Thermal Properties
1.4.1 Molar and Specific Heat Capacities
1.4.2 Coefficients of Thermal Expansion
1.4.3 Volume Expansion on Melting
1.4.4 Thermal Shock Resistance
1.4.5 Heat Transfer Processes
1.4.6 Thermal Conductivity
1.4.7 Thermal Diffusivity
1.4.8 Spectral Emissivity
1.4.9 Temperature and Latent Enthalpies of Fusion, Vaporization, and Sublimation
1.4.10 Order of Magnitude of Thermal Properties of Materials
1.5 Optical Properties
1.5.1 Index of Refraction
1.5.2 Total Reflection and Critical Angle
1.5.3 Specific and Molar Refraction
1.5.4 Refractivity
1.5.5 Dispersion
1.5.6 Coefficient of Dispersion
1.5.7 Abbe Number
1.5.8 Temperature Dependence of the Refractive Index
1.5.9 Anisotropic Materials
1.5.10 Birefringence
1.5.11 Albedo and Reflective Index
1.5.12 Electromagnetic Radiation Spectrum
1.5.13 Order of Magnitude of Optical Properties of Transparent Materials.
1.5.14 Macroscopic Absorption of Light
1.5.14.1 Damping Constant
1.5.14.2 First Law of Absorption Bouger''s Law
1.5.14.3 Second Law of Absorption Beer-Lambert Law
1.5.14.4 Absorbance or Optical Density
1.5.15 Microscopic Absorption and Emission Processes
1.5.16 Einstein Coefficients
1.5.16.1 Einstein Coefficient of Absorption
1.5.16.2 Einstein Coefficient of Spontaneous Emission
1.5.16.3 Einstein Coefficient of Stimulated Emission
1.5.16.4 Relation Between Einstein Coefficients
1.5.16.5 Relations Between Einstein and Extinction Coefficients
1.5.17 Luminescence
1.5.17.1 Excitation
1.5.17.2 Internal Conversion
1.5.17.3 Fluorescence
1.5.17.4 Intercombination
1.5.17.5 Delayed Fluorescence
1.5.17.6 Phosphorescence
1.6 Other Properties
1.6.1 Biocompatibility
1.6.2 Electronegativity
1.6.3 Chemical Abstract Registry Number
1.7 Fundamental Constants
1.8 Conversion Factors
1.9 Further Reading
1.9.1 Mathematics and Statistics
1.9.2 Units and Conversion Tables
1.9.3 Physics
1.9.4 Physical Chemistry
1.9.5 Engineering Fundamentals
1.9.6 General Handbooks
1.9.7 Mechanical Properties
1.9.8 Electrical Properties
1.9.9 Thermal Properties
1.9.10 Metallurgy
1.9.11 Materials Science
A Background Data for the Chemical Elements
A.1 Periodic Chart of the Elements
A.2 Historical Names of the Chemical Elements
A.3 UNS Standard Alphabetical Designation
A.4 Names of TransfermiumElements 101-110
A.5 Selected Physical Properties of the Elements
A.6 Geochemical Classification of the Elements
B NIST Thermochemical Data for Pure Substances
C Natural Radioactivity and Radionuclides
C.1 Introduction
C.2 Mononuclidic Elements
C.3 Nuclear Decay Series
C.4 Non-Series Primordial Radionuclides
C.5 Cosmogenic Radionuclides
C.6 NORM and TENORM
C.7 Activity Calculations
C.7.1 Activity of a Material Containing One Natural Radionuclide
C.7.2 Activity of a Material Containing Natural U and Th
D Crystallography and Crystallochemistry
D.1 Direct Space Lattice Parameters
D.2 Symmetry Elements
D.3 The Seven Crystal Systems
D.4 Conversion of a Rhombohedral to a Hexagonal Lattice
D.5 The 14 Bravais Space Lattices
D.6 Characteristics of Close-Packed Arrangements
D.7 The 32 Classes of Symmetry
D.8 Strukturbericht Structures
D.9 The230 Space Groups
D.10 Crystallographic Calculations
D.10.1 Theoretical Crystal Density
D.10.2 Lattice Point andVector Position
D.10.3 Scalar Product
D.10.4 Vector or Cross Product
D.10.5 Mixed Product and Cell Multiplicity
D.10.6 Unit Cell Volume
D.lO.7 Plane Angle between Lattice Planes
D.11 Interplanar Spacing
D.12 Reciprocal Lattice Unit Cell
E Transparent Materials for Optical Windows
F Corrosion Resistance of Materials Towards Various Corrosive Media
G Economic Data for Metals, Industrial Minerals and Electricity
G.1 Prices of Pure Elements
G.2 World Annual Production of Commodities
G.3 Economic Data for Industrial Minerals
G.4 Prices of Electricity in Various Countries
H Geological Time Scale
I Materials Societies
Bibliography
1 General Desk References
1.1 Scientific and Technical Writing
1.2 Chemicals
1.3 Plant Cost Estimation and Process Economics
1.4 Thermodynamic Tables
1.5 Phase Diagrams
2 Dictionaries and Encyclopedias
3 Comprehensive Series in Material Sciences
Index
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