Unit 1 Culture, Education and Religion
Passage 1 University''s Boot Camp Gives Freshmen Fighting Chance
Passage 2 What Is a B,A. in English Worth Anymore?
Passage 3 Egypt Top Court Rules Against Islamist-backed Election
Law That Lifts Ban on Religious Slogans
补充阅读 新闻体裁简介
Unit 2 Journalism, Entertainment and Sports
Passage 1 The New Journalism: Goosing the Gray Lady
Passage 2 Five Questions for Comedian Tig Notaro
Passage 3 More States Blow the Whistle on High SCh001 Football Heat Illness
补充阅读 新闻标题的特点（一）
Unit 3 Military Affairs and International Politics
Passage 1 Local Elections: Ten Reasons to Vote
Passage 2 U.S.Decries Russia Weapons Sale to Syria
Passage 3 Finally, Obama Breaks His Silence On Drones
补充阅读 新闻标题的特点（二）
Unit 4 Disasters
Passage 1 Ics Tsunamis Overwhelm Lakeside Homes
Passage 2 The Eruption Of Pavlof Volcano
Passage 3 Huge Twister Kills Dozens in Okla
补充阅读 新闻标题的特点（三）
Unit 5 Finance, Economy and Trade
Passage 1 IS the Economy More Miserable Than It Was in the 1970S
Passage 2 Weak Dollar Gives British T0urists Reason to Smile
Passage 3 Wall Street is Back
补充阅读 新闻导语的特点（一）
Unit 6 Civil Engineering and Architectonics
Passage 1 Architecture
Passage 2 Happy Birthday Toyo Ito
Passage 3 Architect Richard Meier
补充阅读 新闻导语的特点（二）
Unit 7 Hydraulic and Hydropower Engineering
Passage 1 US Tidal Firm Res Hydro to Invest in Scotland
Passage 2 Interview with the President and CEO of Hydro Green Energy LLC
Passage 3 Tidal Power Plans Boost Engineering Support for
Renewable Energy Will Help Scots
补充阅读 报刊英语语法特征（一）
Unit 8 Physics and Electronic Science
Passage 1 Scientists Invent Lightest Material on Earth. What now?
Passage 2 Hubble Has 3 More Years to Make Amazing Discoveries, NASA Says
Passage 3 Want to Detox from Technology? Try a Special Retreat, or Go Cold Turkey
补充阅读 报刊英语语法特征（二）
Unit 9 Energy and Power Engineering''
Passage 1 Japan: Building Nuclear Safety Culture Will Take Long Time''
Passage 2 The Price of Coal in China: Can China Fuel Growth without Warming the World?
Passage 3 How the U.S. Federal Government Pushes Energy Efficiency-On Itself
补充阅读 新闻英语的词汇特色（一）
Unit 10 Industrial and Arts Design
Passage 1 The Greenest Office Building in the World Is about to Open in Seattle
Passage 2 Spreading the Message of Design for Change
Passage 3 When the Olympics Awarded Medals to Artists
补充阅读 新闻英语的词汇特色（二）
Unit 11 Traffic and Transportation Engineering
Passage 1 Bay Bridge Reopens to Passenger Vehicles
Passage 2 Number of Women Drivers Soar
Passage 3 The London Underground: Still the People''s Railway
补充阅读 报刊文章中的修辞（一）
Unit 12 Information Engineering.
Passage 1 Teenagers Struggle with Privacy, Security Issues
Passage 2 Secret Computer Code Threatens Science
Passage 3 Cool It: Is the Internet Too Hot for Data Centers to Handle?
补充阅读 报刊文章中的修辞（二）
Unit 13Environmental Engineering
Passage 1 Peru Declares Environmental State of Emergency in Its Rainforest
……
Unit 14 Food Science and Engineering
Unit 15 Vehicle and Mechanical Engineering
內容試閱：
Islamic architecture
Islamic architecture began in the 7th century CE， incorporating architectural forms from the ancient Middle East and Byzantium， but also developing features to suit the religious and social needs of the society. Examples can be found throughout the Middle East， North Africa， Spain and the Indian Sub-continent. The widespread application of the pointed arch was to influence European architecture ofthe Medieval period.
The medieval builder
In Europe， in both the Classical and Medieval periods， buildings were not often attributed to specific individuals and the names of architects remain frequently unknown， despite the vast scale of the many religious buildings extant from this period.
During the Medieval period guilds were formed by craftsmen to organize their trade and written contracts have survived， particularly in relation to ecclesiastical buildings. The role of architect was usually one with that of master mason， or Magister lathomorum as they are sometimes described in contemporary documents.
Renaissance and the architect
In Renaissance Europe， from about 1400 onwards， there was a revival of Classical learning accompanied by the development of Renaissance Humanism which placed greater emphasis on the role of the individual in society than had been the case during the Medieval period. Buildings were ascribed to specific architects-Brunelleschi， Alberti， Michelangelo， Palladio-and the cult of the individual had begun. There was still no dividing line between artist， architect and engineer， or any of the related vocations， and the appellation was often one of regional preference.
A revival of the Classical style in architecture was accompanied by a burgeoning of science and engineering which affected the proportions and structure of buildings. At this stage， it was still possible for an artist to design a bridge as the level of structural calculations involved was within the scope of the generalist.
Early modern and the industrial age
With the emerging knowledge in scientific fields and the rise of new materials and technology， architecture and engineering began to separate， and the architect began to concentrate on aesthetics and the humanist aspects， often at the expense of technical aspects of building design. There was also the rise of the "gentleman architect" who usually dealt with wealthy clients and concentrated predonunantly on visual qualities derived usually from historical prototypes， typified by the many country houses of Great Britain that were created in the Neo Gothic or Scottish Baronial styles. Formal architectural training in the 19th century， for example at Ecole des Beaux Arts in France， gave much emphasis to the production of beautiful drawings and little to context and feasibility. Effective architects generally received their training in the offices of other architects， graduating to the role from draughtsmen or clerks.
Meanwhile， the Industrial Revolution laid open the door for mass production and consumption. Aesthetics became a criterion for the middle class as ornamented products， once within the province of expensive craftsmanship， became cheaper under machine production.
Modernism and reaction
Around the turn of the 20th century， a general dissatisfaction with the emphasis on revivalist architecture and elaborate decoration gave rise to many new lines of thought that served as precursors to Modem Architecture. Notable among these is the Deutscher Werkbund， formed in 1907 to produce better quality machine made objects. The rise of the profession of industrial design is usually placed here. Following this lead， the Bauhaus school， founded in Weimar， Germany in 1919， redefined the architectural bounds prior set throughout history， viewing the creation of a building as the ultimate synthesis-the apex-of art， craft， and technology.
When Modern architecture was first practiced， it was an avant-garde movement with moral， philosophical， and aesthetic underpinnings. Immediately after World War I， pioneering modernist architects sought to develop a completely new style appropriate for a new post-war social and economic order， focused on meeting the needs of the middle and working classes.
They rejected the architectural practice of the academic refinement of historical styles which served the rapidly declining aristocratic order. The approach of the Modernist architects was to reduce buildings to pure forms， removing historical references and ornament in favor of functionalist details. Buildings displayed their functional and structural elements， exposing steel beams and concrete surfaces instead of hiding them behind decorative forms.
Architecture today
Since the 1980s， as the complexity of buildings began to increase in terms of structural systems， services， energy and technologies， the field of architecture became multi-disciplinary with specializations for each project type， technological expertise or project delivery methods.
In addition， there has been an increased separation of the "design" architect from the "project" architect who ensures that the project meets the required standards and deals with matters of liability. The preparatory processes for the design of any large building have become increasingly complicated， and require preliminary studies of such matters as durability， sustainability， quality， money， and compliance with local laws. A large structure can no longer be the design ofone person but must be the work of many. Modernism and Postmodernism， have been criticised by some members of the architectural profession who feel that successful architecture is not a personal philosophical or aesthetic pursuit by individualists; rather it has to consider everyday needs of people and use technology to create liveable environments， with the design process being informed by studies ofbehavioral， environmental， and social sciences.
……
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