Contents
Chapter 1 Introduction 1
1.1 Concepts and sorts of materials and what the function and status of
the material are in society revolution 2
1.2 Conteat and Relation of materials science and engineering 5
1.3 Development of materials 7
1.4 Materials and mechanical engineering 10
Chapter 2 The Mechanical Properties Of Metals 13
2.1 Introduction 13
2.2 Static mechanical properties 14
2.3 Hardness tests 22
2.4 Impact toughness 27
2.5 Fracture toughness 30
2.6 Fatigue tests 32
2.7 Test at elevated tempearatures 34
2.8 Variability of material properties 35
Chapter3 Crystal Structure and Crystallizing 37
3.1 Crystal structure of metals 37
3.2 Actual structure of metals 47
3.3 Crystallization of metal 53
3.4 Structure of steel ingot 59
Chapter4 Plastic Deformation and Recrystallization of Metal 62
4.1 Plastic deformation of metal 62
4.2 Effects of plastic deformation on structure and property of metal 67
4.3 The change of structure and property of deformed metal during heating 70
4.4 Hot working of metal 75
4.5 Superplasticity 76
Chapter5 Binary Alloy 78
5.1 Definitions and basic concepts 78
5.2 Phase structure of alloy 80
5.3 Binary alloy diagram 83
Chapter 6 Iron Carbon Alloys 99
6.1 Phase structure and properties of iron carbon alloys 99
6.2 Iron carbon equilibrium diagram 101
6.3 Plain carbon steels 115
Chapter 7 Heat Treatment of Steel 120
7.1 Introduction 120
7.2 Formation of austenite during heating 122
7.3 Decomposition of austenite during cooling 129
7.4 Annealing of steel 140
7.5 Normalising of steel 144
7.6 Hardening of steel 146
7.7 Tempering of steel 159
7.8 The surface quenching of steel 165
7.9 The chemical heat treatment of the steel 170
Chapter 8 Alloy Steels 177
8.1 Effects of alloying elements in steel 177
8.2 Mechanisms of strengthening in metals 183
8.3 Categories and code of alloy steels 186
8.4 Structural alloy steels 186
8.5 Tool steels 195
8.6 Steels for special use 202
Chapter 9 Cast Iron 207
9.1 Introduction 207
9.2 Graphitisation of cast iron 207
9.3 Classify of cast iron 209
9.4 Grey cast iron 211
9.5 Malleable cast iron 214
9.6 Spheroidal cast iron 218
9.7 Vermicular cast iron 223
9.8 Alloy cast iron 224
Chapter10 Nonferrous Metals and Their Alloys 228
10.1 Aluminum and its alloys 229
10.2 Copper and its alloys 237
10.3 Magnesium and its alloys 241
10.4 Titanium and their alloys 243
10.5 Bearing alloys 247
Chapter 11 Polymer 250
11.1 Introduction 250
11.2 Classification of polymers 251
11.3 Structural characteristics of polymers 255
11.4 Properties of polymers and plastics 266
11.5 Additives for plastic materials and compounding 277
11.6 Polymer processes 279
11.7 Properties and utilities of selected polymers 283
Chapter 12 Advanced Materials 285
12.1 Introduction 285
12.2 Information functional materials 285
12.3 Composite materials 286
12.4 Smart materials 292
12.5 Nanomaterials 294
12.6 Biomaterial 300
12.7 Porous materials 301
Chapter 13 Material Selecting for Parts 304
13.1 Failure of mechanical parts 304
13.2 General principles for selecting suitable materials 310
13.3 Selecting suitable material for typical parts and working process 311
References 316
內容試閱：
1.3 Development of materials
Materials themselves are foundations and
supports of material civilization, and they also support the developments of
other new technology in the exploitation, refinement, transformation and
transportation of energy resource and the transmission, storage application and
control of information cannot be apart from material technology; and structure
materials and functional material are necessary for space technology, ocean
engineering, biological engineering and system engineering.
Materials are always faced with the choice of
society, and this choice depends on the requirement of society. Five criterions
are required to decide whether one material can be accepted by society:
resource, energy resource, environmental protection, economic and performance.
When the restrictions of resource, energy resource, environment are satisfied,
the property and economic efficiency material should also be concerned.
The development of material is in competitive
conditions all the time. One of them is the competition between metal
materials, ceramic materials and high polymer materials; the other one is
different types of competition in the categories of materials, such as
competition between ferrous metals and nonferrous metals, but they all belong
to the metal. The average weight of a car in America was 1 500 kg in
1980 and reduced to 1 020 kg in 1990. The proportion of cast
iron dropped from 15% to 11%. The amount of cast iron in one car dropped from
225 kg to 112 kg; the proportion of aluminum
alloy rose from 4% to 9%; the proportion of high polymer materials rose from 6%
to 9%. Automobile engines which adopt ceramic materials replaced automobile
engines which adopt metal materials, which bring significant economic effect.
Ceramic can withstand much higher temperature than metal, thus burning
efficiency of ceramic can be improved, and the weight of automobile engine can
be decreased at the same time. Because of that, the development of ceramic
material based engine is blooming all around world.
Besides, symbiotic relationships between
materials, can also be mutual promotion. For example, slag is byproduct of
blast furnace iron making, but slag can be raw material of cement; the
byproduct of coking-artificial coal, is an important chemical material.
Concerning the further development of the
material, there are two aspects to disscuss, one is the improvement of
traditional materials, while the other one is the development of new materials.
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