Contents
Preface
1 Introduction of a scientific research paper 1
1.1 What is science ? 1
1.2 What is research ? 2
1.3 What is a scientific paper ? 4
1.4 The structure of a scientific research paper 7
2 Scientific resource search strategy 10
2.1 Introduction of subject resources 10
2.2 Literature classification 10
2.2.1 Primary literature： the source of basic ideas 11
2.2.2 Secondary literature： the source of a specific topic 12
2.2.3 Tertiary literature 13
2.2.4 “Gray”literature 13
2.3 Steps to search the scientific literature 14
2.3.1 Retrieval methods and skills 14
2.3.2 Research tools 17
2.3.3 Databases 19
3 Reading skills for scientific literature 21
3.1 Academic reading 21
3.1.1 Vocabulary for reading comprehension 21
3.1.2 How to treat difficult sentences 23
3.1.3 Note-taking 25
3.2 Four reading skills： intensive， extensive， skimming， scanning 28
3.2.1 Intensive reading 28
3.2.2 Extensive reading 29
3.2.3 Skimming reading 30
3.2.4 Scanning reading 31
3.3 A four-step guide for reading a scientific paper 32
3.3.1 Skim the article 32
3.3.2 Put forward questions 33
3.3.3 Comprehend section-by-section 34
3.3.4 Conclusions and criticism 34
4 Management and summarization of references 36
4.1 Endnote 36
4.1.1 Introduction to Endnote 36
4.1.2 Creating an Endnote Library 37
4.1.3 The management of the Endnote Library 44
4.1.4 How to use endnote for paper writing 45
4.2 BibTexMng 48
4.2.1 Operation with the reference list 48
4.2.2 Operations of the records 50
4.2.3 What is BibTeX ? 51
4.2.4 Format of bib files 52
5 Before starting to write 58
5.1 Thinking put forward questions， evaluate your data， generate your ideas 58
5.2 Preparation choose an appropriate journal and consult the guide for authors 59
5.3 Develop an outline 60
5.4 Notes before writing 63
6 Steps to write each manuscript section 65
6.1 Title page 65
6.1.1 The title 65
6.1.2 Author names and affiliations 66
6.1.3 Abstract 66
6.1.4 Keywords 66
6.2 The main body of the text 67
6.2.1 Introduction 67
6.2.2 Materials and methods 79
6.2.3 Figures and tables 84
6.2.4 Results and discussion 95
6.2.5 Conclusions 98
6.2.6 Others 99
6.2.7 Revision 101
7 Publication of scientific manuscript 103
7.1 Where to submit 103
7.1.1 Decide early 103
7.1.2 How to find appropriate journals 104
7.2 How to submit 107
7.2.1 Basic concepts 107
7.2.2 Process of submitting 112
7.2.3 How to respond to editors and reviewers 114
7.3 Publishing process 117
7.3.1 Copyediting process 117
7.3.2 Marking the corrections 118
7.3.3 Additions 120
8 How to use LaTex 122
8.1 Introduction to LaTex 122
8.2 The installation of LaTex 122
8.3 The basic grammar rules of LaTex 125
8.4 An example of using LaTex to write academic papers 126
References 135
Appendix： Example articles 136
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