PREFACE
SUMMARY
1 Development Status and Trend?001
1.1 Development Status?002
1.1.1 DI Technologies Leading Social Change?002
1.1.2 DI Technologies are Widely Used in the Power Sector?003
1.1.3 Electric Power Development Promotes the Progress of DI Technologies?003
1.2 Situations and Requirements?004
1.2.1 Requirements for Establishing a New Power System?004
1.2.2 Requirements for Building a Smart Operation System?005
1.2.3 Requirements for Collaborative and Integrated Industry Development?006
1.3 Target Orientation?006
1.3.1 Smart Upgrade of Power System?007
1.3.2 Construction of Energy Interconnection Ecology?008
1.4 Key Technologies?009
1.4.1 Accurate Sensing Sensor (Measure) Technology?009
1.4.2 Information Transmission Communication Technology?009
1.4.3 Stable Operation Control (Protection) Technology?010
1.4.4 Core Element Chip Technology?010
1.4.5 Data Platform Big Data and Blockchain?010
1.4.6 Decision Support Artificial Intelligence?011
1.5 Summary?011
2 Sensor (Measure) Technology?013
2.1 Current Technical Status?014
2.1.1 History of Development?014
2.1.2 Current Application?015
_x005f 2.2 Main Applications?021
2.2.1 Measurement of Core Electrical Quantities?021
2.2.2 Sensing of Operating Status of Power Generation Device?022
2.2.3 Sensing of Operating Status of Power Transmission Line?025
2.2.4 Sensing of Operating Status of Transformer Equipment?027
2.2.5 Sensing of Operating Status of Power Distribution Device?031
2.2.6 Sensing of Operating Status for Electrical Load?033
2.3 Key Technologies?034
2.3.1 MEMS Sensor Technology?034
2.3.2 Optical Fiber Sensor Technology?036
2.3.3 Networking Technology for Sensors?038
2.3.4 Selfenergy Extraction Technology?039
2.4 R&D Direction?041
2.4.1 Lowcost Integration?041
2.4.2 Builtin Antiinterference Capability?042
2.4.3 Multinode Ad Hoc Network?042
2.4.4 Low Energy Consumption in Selfenergy Extraction?043
2.5 Summary?044
3 Communication Technology?045
3.1 Current Technical Status?046
3.1.1 History of Development?046
3.1.2 Current Application?049
3.2 Main Applications?050
3.2.1 Communication inside Power Generation Plant?050
3.2.2 Power Communication Network?051
3.2.3 Communication on User Side?055
3.3 Key Technologies?057
3.3.1 Carrier Communication?057
3.3.2 Optical Fiber Communication?059
3.3.3 Microwave Communication?063
3.3.4 Satellite Communication?064
3.3.5 Bus Communication?066
3.4 R&D Direction?067
3.4.1 Larger Capacity?067
3.4.2 Wider Coverage?068
3.4.3 Lower Delay?069
3.4.4 Higher Security?071
3.5 Summary?072
4 Control (Protection) Technology?073
4.1 Current Technical Status?074
4.1.1 Stage of Classical Control Theory?074
4.1.2 Stage of Modern Control Theory?076
4.1.3 Stage of Intelligent Control Theory?078
4.1.4 Development History of Protection Technology?079
4.2 Main Applications?079
4.2.1 Power Plant Control System?080
4.2.2 Power Grid Dispatching Control?082
4.2.3 Integrated Substation Automation?087
4.2.4 Power Demand Control?089
4.3 Key Technologies?090
4.3.1 Classical Control?090
4.3.2 Linear System Control?091
4.3.3 Nonlinear System Control?094
4.3.4 System Identification?097
4.3.5 Fuzzy Logic Control?098
4.3.6 Neural Network Control?099
4.3.7 Expert Control?100
4.3.8 Genetic Algorithm?100
4.3.9 Wide Area Protection?101
4.4 R&D Direction?102
4.4.1 Stochastic Optimal Control?103
4.4.2 MeasurementIdentificationControl Technology?104
4.4.3 Wide Area Control Technology?104
4.4.4 Collaborative Technology Between Protection and Control?107
4.4.5 System Protection?107
4.5 Summary?108
5 Chip Technology?111
5.1 Current Technical Status?112
5.1.1 History of Development?112
5.1.2 Current Application?115
5.2 Main Applications?120
5.2.1 Smart Meter?121
5.2.2 Power Communication?122
5.2.3 Electricity Safety?123
5.2.4 Asset Management?124
5.2.5 Equipment Status Monitoring?125
5.3 Key Technologies?125
5.3.1 Low Power Consumption?126
5.3.2 Design for Reliability?129
5.3.3 Electromagnetic Protection?131
5.3.4 Design for Testability?133
5.3.5 Thermal Simulation?135
5.4 R&D Direction?138
5.4.1 Sensor Chips?138
5.4.2 Communication Chips?139
5.4.3 Main Control Chip?140
5.4.4 Secure Chip?140
5.4.5 Radio Frequency Identification Chip?140
5.5 Summary?141
6 Big Data and Blockchain Technology?143
6.1 Current Technical Status?144
6.1.1 History of Development?144
6.1.2 Current Application?146
6.2 Main Applications?149
6.2.1 System Operation?149
6.2.2 Corporate Governance?151
6.2.3 Market Analysis?152
6.2.4 Predictive Study?153
6.2.5 Market Transactions?154
6.3 Key Technologies?155
6.3.1 Integration of MultiSource Data?155
6.3.2 Analysis and Mining?156
6.3.3 Distributed Storage?157
6.3.4 Parallel Computing?158
6.3.5 Visualization?158
6.3.6 Consensus Algorithm?159
6.3.7 Asymmetric Cryptographic Algorithm?160
6.3.8 Peertopeer Network Technology?160
6.3.9 Smart Contract?161
6.3.10 Other Data Processing Techniques?161
6.4 R&D Direction?163
6.4.1 Acquisition and Storage Technology of Big Data?163
6.4.2 Analysis and Mining Technology of Big Data?164
6.4.3 Security and Privacy Protection for Big Data?165
6.4.4 Upgrade of Core Technology of Blockchain?166
6.5 Summary?167
7 Artificial Intelligence Technology?169
7.1 Current Technical Status?170
7.1.1 History of Development?170
7.1.2 Current Application?173
7.2 Main Applications?174
7.2.1 Source and Load Forecasting?175
7.2.2 Power Grid Dispatching?176
7.2.3 Equipment O&M?177
7.2.4 Electricity Marketing?179
7.2.5 Planning and Design?181
7.3 Key Technologies?181
7.3.1 Machine Learning?182
7.3.2 Speech Processing?184
7.3.3 Computer Vision?187
_x000c_
7.3.4 Intelligent Robot?189
7.3.5 Biometric Identification?190
7.3.6 Expert System?192
7.4 Development Direction?193
7.4.1 Swarm Intelligence?193
7.4.2 Hybrid Enhanced Intelligence?194
7.4.3 Cognitive Intelligence?195
7.4.4 Unmanned Intelligence?195
7.5 Summary?196
8 Development Prospect?197
8.1 Development Trend of Technologies?198
8.2 Prospect of Development Scenario?200
8.2.1 DI Power System?200
8.2.2 Intelligent Enterprise Management?204
8.2.3 “Energy Information ” Industry?206
8.2.4 Power Big Data Empowerment?210
Appendix Abbreviations / Definitions?215
內容試閱：
The new generation of DI technologies is rapidly penetrating into many fields of social economy， constantly driving changes in ways of production and living and business management models. Major countries around the world have made a series of major deployments in the field of digital transformation， promoting industrial digitization and intellectualization， facilitating the deep integration of the digital economy with the real economy， intelligent systems and physical systems， and promoting highquality socioeconomic development.
As the power industry is closely related to the national economy and the people’s livelihood， it is necessary to build a DI power system， explore the value of power data， enhance data application and commercialization capabilities， and drive level upgrading in the power industry through “power computational power” by seizing historical opportunities， taking digital transformation as the starting point， carbon reduction and consumption reduction as the goal， and implementing the strategydriven and innovationdriven development plan.
DI technologies will be adopted to build a nerve system of the power system， and endow the power system with comprehensive sensing， intelligent decisionmaking， realtime control capabilities. In the future， DI technologies will comprehensively enhance the information collection， transmission， processing and application capabilities of the power system， and realize comprehensive data analysis and rapid intelligent decisionmaking， thus driving the integration of traditional power facilities and new digital facilities， and promoting intellectualized power system dispatching and smart operation and management of enterprises. On this basis， it is possible to break barriers between energy and information， business， capital and value， promote the integration and development of industries， innovate the construction of new digital platforms including energy transportation， energy information and energy finance， and construct an energy interconnection ecosystem featuring sharing， cogovernance and winwin.
Based on the functional positioning and development needs of DI power technologies in the power industry， this report analyzes the development status， major applications and R&D directions of key technologies from a technical perspective， and evaluates the potential value of DI technologies in power systems， power enterprises， and industrial cooperation. This report is composed of 8 chapters. Chapter 1 analyzes and proposes the development objectives and positioning of DI power technologies from the current situation of DI technologies development and transformation needs in the power field; Chapters 2 to 7 study six key technologies， including sensor (measure) technology， communication technology， control (protection) technology， chip technology， big data _x000c_and blockchain， and artificial intelligence; Chapter 8 summarizes the development trend of key technologies， and looks forward to and depicts ten typical application scenarios of DI power technologies from four aspects， namely， the construction of DI power system， the innovative management of intelligent enterprises， the industrial integration development of “energy information ” and the empowerment of power big data， in order to accelerate the integration of new generation power system into a digital economy and intelligent society and build a digital intelligent ecosystem.
As one of a series of reports on key technologies for Global Energy Interconnection， this report includes the research results related to the development of power digitalization and intellectualization technology from Global Energy Interconnection Development and Cooperation Organization. The research team visited North China Electric Power University， Hengtong OpticElectric， China Mobile， Linghang Think Tank， and Prysmian Group (Italy)， as well as other GEI members， Thinktank Coalition， and University Alliance， and received help and support from many experts and scholars in the fields of electronic information， data analysis， artificial intelligence， and experts from the Advisory (Consultant) Board and the Technical (Academic) Committee of GEIDCO. We would like to express our gratitude here. However， there might be inadequacies due to the limitation of knowledge， data and preparation time. Comments and suggestions are welcome for further improvements.
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