Chapter 1Linguistics—A Pilot Science
1.1Why Study Linguistics?
1.2What Is Language?—Defining the Object of Study
1.3Origin of Language
1.4Design Features of Language
1.5Animal Communication Systems, Gesture and
Other Language Forms
1.6Perspectives of Language Studies
1.7Functions of Language
1.8Important Distinctions in Linguistics
1.9Data of Linguistics
1.10Status and Prospect of Linguistics
Chapter 2Phonological Analysis
2.1Transcribing Speech Sounds
2.2Consonants and Vowels
2.3Phonemic vs. Phonetic Transcriptions
2.4Distinctive Features and Rule Representation
2.5Suprasegmentals and Feature Geometry
2.6Optimality Theory
2.7Conclusion
Chapter 3Morphology
3.1Morphemes, Morphs and Allomorphs
3.2Classification of Morphemes
3.3Morphemization
3.4Allomorphy
3.5Word, Wordform and Lexeme
3.6Morphology and Wordformation
3.7Approaches and Problems
Chapter 4Generative Syntax
4.1Generative Grammar: Some Basic Assumptions
4.2Phrase Structure Rules
4.3Projection from Lexicon
4.4The Minimalist Approach
Chapter 5Functional Syntax
5.1Vilém Mathesius
5.2Frantiek Dane
5.3Michael Halliday
5.4Summary
Chapter 6Semantics
6.1Introduction
6.2Meanings of “Meaning”
6.3The Referential Theory
6.4Sense Relations
6.5Componential Analysis
6.6Sentence Meaning
Chapter 7Linguistic Comparison
7.1Introduction
7.2Comparative and Historical Linguistics
7.3Typological Comparison
7.4Contrastive Linguistics
Chapter 8Language, Culture, and Society
8.1Introduction
8.2Language and Culture
8.3Language and Society
8.4Sociolinguistics and Language Teaching
8.5Summary
Chapter 9Cognitive Linguistics
9.1Introduction
9.2Cognitive Abilities and Cognitive Processes
9.3Cognitive Semantics
9.4Cognitive Grammar
Chapter 10Pragmatics
10.1Introduction
10.2Speech Act Theory
10.3The Classical Theory of Implicature
10.4PostGricean Theories
10.5Recent Developments in Pragmatics
Chapter 11Issues of Stylistics
11.1Introduction
11.2Style and Stylistics
11.3Style as Rhetoric: The Initial Stage of Stylistics
11.4One Style or Several Styles?
11.5Aspects of Style: The Writerstyle as Writer’s
IndividualPersonal Singularities
11.6Aspects of Style: The Textstyle as Linguistic
Sameness Structural Equivalence
11.7Aspects of Style: The Textstyle as Linguistic
Difference Deviation or Foregrounding
11.8Aspects of Style: The Readerstyle
as Reader’s Response
11.9Aspects of Style: The Context:
Style as Function
11.10Aspects of Style: The Meaning:
Style as Meaning Potential
11.11Concluding Remarks: Linguistics,
Literary Criticism, and Stylistics
Chapter 12Computational Linguistics
12.1What is Computational Linguistics?
12.2Machine Translation
12.3Corpus Linguistics
12.4Information Retrieval
12.5Looking into the Future
Chapter 13Second Language Acquisition
13.1Introduction
13.2The Role of Internal Mechanisms
13.3The Role of Native Language
13.4Input, Interaction and Output
13.5Nonlanguage Influences
13.6Summary
Chapter 14Modern Theories and Schools of Linguistics
14.1The Beginning of Modern Linguistics
14.2The Prague School and the Copenhagen School
14.3The London School
14.4Halliday and SystemicFunctional Grammar
14.5American Structuralism
14.6Chomsky and TransformationalGenerative Grammar
14.7RevisionistRebellious Theories
14.8Concluding Remarks
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