CONTENTS
Part A Transportation Systems Analysis and Modeling Process 1
Chapter 1 Introduction to Transportation Systems 1
1.1 Definitions 1
1.1.1 Preliminary Concepts of Transportation Systems 1
1.1.2 Components of Transportation Systems 2
1.1.3 Relationship Between Transportation Systems and Activity Systems 5
1.2 Transportation System Identification 6
1.2.1 Relevant Spatial Dimensions 6
1.2.2 Relevant Temporal Dimensions 10
1.2.3 Relevant Components of Travel Demand 14
1.3 Macroscopic Measures of a Traffic Stream 17
1.3.1 Fundamental Parameters of Traffic Flow 17
1.3.2 Derived Characteristics 21
1.3.3 Time-space diagram 23
1.3.4 Fundamental Relationship 25
Chapter 2 Transportation Systems Analysis Framework 29
2.1 Background of the Current Transportation Environment Changing 29
2.2 Basic Premise of a Transportation System 29
2.3 Interrelationship of Transportation and Activity System 30
2.4 Intervening TransportationActivityFlow TAF System 31
2.5 Prediction of Transportation Flows 33
Chapter 3 Transportation Systems Mathematical Modeling Fundamentals 35
3.1 The Function of Mathematical Modeling 35
3.2 General Assumption for Transportation Systems Modeling 36
3.2.1 Physical and Functional Delineation Assumption 36
3.2.2 Spatial Discretization AssumptionZoning 36
3.2.3 Identification of Relevant Transportation Services 36
3.2.4 Identification of Relevant Model Periods 36
3.2.5 Withinperiod Variability Assumption 36
3.3 Mathematical Models Family Structure for Transportation System 37
3.4 Supply Models Simulating Transportation Systems 37
3.5 Demand Models Simulating Transportation Systems and Activity 38
3.6 Network Demand-Supply Interaction Modeling 38
Part B Transportation Supply Analysis and Modeling 42
Chapter 4 Macroscopic Traffic Stream Modeling 42
4.1 Introduction 42
4.2 Greenshields Macroscopic Stream Model 43
4.3 Calibration of Greenshields Model 45
4.4 Other Macroscopic Stream Models 46
4.4.1 Greenbergs Logarithmic Model 46
4.4.2 Underwoods exponential model 46
4.4.3 Pipes Generalized Model 47
4.4.4 Multi-Regime Models 47
4.5 Shock Waves 48
4.6 Macroscopic Flow Models 50
Chapter 5 Microscopic Traffic Flow Modeling 52
5.1 Introduction 52
5.2 Notation for Car Following Modeling 52
5.3 Car Following Models 53
5.3.1 Pipes Model 53
5.3.2 Forbes Model 54
5.3.3 General Motors Model 54
5.3.4 Optimal Velocity Model 54
5.4 General Motors Car Following Model 55
5.4.1 Basic Philosophy 55
5.4.2 Follow-the-Leader Model 55
5.5 Simulation Models 57
5.5.1 Applications of Simulation 57
5.5.2 Need for Simulation Models 58
5.5.3 Classification of Simulation Model 58
Chapter 6 Trip Generation Analysis and Modeling 59
6.1 Basic concepts 59
6.2 Trip Generation Analysis Methods 59
6.3 Regression Analysis Method 62
6.4 Cross-Classification Method 68
6.5 Model Stability over Time 73
6.6 Summary 74
Part C Trip-based Demand Analysis and Modeling 77
Chapter 7 Trip Distribution Analysis and Modeling 77
7.1 Problem Definition 77
7.2 Gravity Models 80
7.3 Calibration of Doubly Constrained Gravity Models 87
7.4 Summary 95
Chapter 8 Modal Split Analysis and Modeling 98
8.1 Introduction 98
8.2 Factors Influencing Mode Choices 99
8.3 Aggregate Mode Choice Models 99
8.4 Disaggregate Choice Models 103
8.4.1 Modeling Framework： the Utility Theory 104
8.4.2 Logit Model 109
8.4.3 Calibration of Logit Models 112
8.5 Disaggregate Choice Models vs Traditional Aggregate Models 124
8.6 Summary 126
Chapter 9 Network Traffic Assignment Analysis and Modeling 129
9.1 Requirements for Network Traffic Assignment 129
9.2 Road Network Models 130
9.3 Shortest Path Algorithms 133
9.4 Route Choice Behaviour Model 139
9.5 Traffic Assignment Methods 141
9.6 Summary 149
References 152
Appendix A Linear Regression Analysis 155
Appendix B Calibrating Logit Models Using Logistic Regression in SPSS 174
內容試閱：
Preface A transportation system can be defined as the combination of elements and their interactions, which produce the demand for travel within a given area and the supply of transportation services to satisfy this demand Ennio Cascetta, 2001. Mathematical models of transportation systems represent, for a real or hypothetical transportation system, the demand flows, the functioning of the physical or organizational elements, the interactions between them, and their effects on the external world. Mathematical models and the methods involved in their application to real, large-scale systems are thus fundamental tools for evaluating andor designing actions affecting the physical elementse.g., a new urban railway, new airline and terminal andor organizational components e.g., a new timetable, new schedule or diagram of railway operation of transportation systems.
This book as lecture notes has been written mainly for students in transportation engineering, logistics management and management sciences who desire to learn the basic concepts involved in the use of models for transportation systems. The materials presented is based to a large extend on courses of lectures and books delivered by authors over a number of years to students and professionals in the engineering, life, physical and social sciences. This book has mainly been edited by the author to combine different parts from the book Transportation Systems Analysis by Ennio Cascetta2001, the lecture notes Urban Transportation Planning Modeling by Dr.Liping Fu 2012 and the online lecture notes Transportation Systems Engineering by Tom. V. Mathew and K.V. Krishna Rao2007.
This book consists of three parts： PART A, PART B, PART C.
PART A introduces the transportation systems analysis and modeling process with 3 chapters from 1-3.
Chapter 1 discusses the basic ideas underling transportation systems and relative analysis, the materials come from the books and lectures notes by Ennio Cascetta, Tom.V.Mathew and K.V.Krishna. This chapter defines a transportation system and identifies its components. Also it describes the macroscopic measures of a traffic stream.
Chapter 2 introduces the transportation systems analysis framework for the following modeling. The materials come from lectures notes by Tom.V.Mathew and K.V.Krishna.
Chapter 3 gives general assumptions for transportation systems modeling and introduces classic mathematical models family like supply models, demand models and demand-supply interaction modeling. The materials come from the book by Ennio Cascetta.
PART B details the transportation supply analysis and modeling with 3 chapters from 4-6.
Chapter 4 discusses the macroscopic traffic stream modeling in which Greenshields model and its calibration are introduced, and presents shock waves modeling as well.
Chapter 5 introduces microscopic traffic flow modeling including car following modeling and simulation models. The materials of the two chapters come from online notes by Tom.V.Mathew and K.V.Krishna.
Chapter 6 introduces congested network trip generation analysis and modeling methods. The chapter adopted the materials of lecture notes by Dr.Liping Fu.
PART C combines with 3 chapters from 7-9. They talk about trip-based demand analysis and modeling.
Chapter 7 introduces trip distribution analysis and modeling based on Chapter 6 on trip generation, Chapter 8 discusses model split analysis and modeling, and finally Chapter 9 introduces traffic assignment analysis and modeling. The materials of these three chapters come from the lecture notes by Dr.Liping Fu.
In conclusion again, I should like to thank Dr. Ennio Cascetta, Dr. Liping Fu, Dr. Tom. V. Mathew and Dr. K.V.Krishna for their materials contribution. As well as to thank my graduate students for their typing, double checking and communication with the press.
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