Lesson 1?THE GREAT SIEGE OF GIBRALTAR／第一课?直布罗陀大围攻 1Lesson 2?BATTLE OF CORUNNA AND DEATH OF MOORE????第二课?拉科鲁尼亚之战和莫尔爵士之死 9Lesson 3?THE BURIAL OF SIR JOHN MOORE????第三课?约翰?莫尔爵士的葬礼 14Lesson 4?THE BED OF THE ATLANTIC／第四课?大西洋的海床 17Lesson 5?BINGEN ON THE RHINE／第五课?莱茵河畔的宾根 22Lesson 6?THE CLOUD／第六课?云?朵 26Lesson 7?THE TRIAL BY COMBAT（I）／第七课?决斗裁判（一） 32Lesson 8?THE TRIAL BY COMBAT（II）／第八课?决斗裁判（二） 37Lesson 9?DAMASCUS AND LONDON（I）????第九课?大马士革和伦敦（一） 45Lesson 10?DAMASCUS AND LONDON（II）?????第十课?大马士革和伦敦（二） 52Lesson 11?BATTLE OF TRAFALGAR, AND DEATH OF NELSON（I）?????第十一课?特拉法加海战和纳尔逊之死（一） 59Lesson 12?BATTLE OF TRAFALGAR, AND DEATH OF NELSON（II）?????第十二课?特拉法加海战和纳尔逊之死（二） 66Lesson 13?ROUND THE WORLD／第十三课?环球航行 74Lesson 14?NATURE／第十四课?自?然 85Lesson 15?THE TROPICAL WORLD（I） ／第十五课?热带世界（一） 87Lesson 16?MAN AND THE INDUSTRIAL ARTS?????第十六课?人类和工业艺术 97Lesson 17?SOMEBODY’S DARLING／第十七课?某人的亲爱的人 103Lesson 18?THE TROPICAL WORLD（II）／第十八课?热带世界（二） 106Lesson 19?THE SONG OF THE SHIRT／第十九课?衬衫之歌 117Lesson 20?LAND AND SEA BREEZES／第二十课?陆地风与海洋风 120Lesson 21?THE RELIEF OF LEYDEN／第二十一课?莱顿市的救援 124Lesson 22?THE GLOVE AND THE LIONS／第二十二课?手套与狮子 130Lesson 23?THE POLAR WORLD（I）／第二十三课?极地世界（一） 132Lesson 24?THE BELLS／第二十四课?钟?声 138Lesson 25?THE POLAR WORLD（II）／第二十五课?极地世界（二） 141Lesson 26?THE BURNING OF MOSCOW?????第二十六课?莫斯科的大火 147Lesson 27?THE RETREAT OF THE FRENCH ARMY FROM MOSCOW?????第二十七课?法国军队从莫斯科撤退 155Lesson 28?THE TEMPERATE REGIONS／第二十八课?温带地区 161Lesson 29?THE OVERLAND ROUTE／第二十九课?陆?路 170Lesson 30?CAIRO AND THE PYRAMIDS／第三十课?开罗和金字塔 180Lesson 31?FAMILY WORSHIP／第三十一课?家庭敬拜 185Lesson 32?THE VALLEY OF THE NILE／第三十二课?尼罗河流域 189Lesson 33?PANEGYRIC ON MARIE ANTOINETTE?????第三十三课?玛丽?安托瓦内特的颂歌 197Lesson 34?CRUELTY TO ANIMALS／第三十四课?对动物的残忍行为 199Lesson 35?THE DELUGE／第三十五课?大洪水 202Lesson 36?WHAT IS WAR?／第三十六课?战争是什么 205Lesson 37?COLONIAL LOYALTY／第三十七课?殖民地的忠诚 208Lesson 38?JERUSALEM FROM THE MOUNT OF OLIVES?????第三十八课?橄榄山上的耶路撒冷 210Lesson 39?THE SIEGE OF JERUSALEM／第三十九课?公元70年 216Lesson 40?LEBANON／第四十课?黎巴嫩 224Lesson 41?GREAT OCEAN ROUTES／第四十一课?大洋航线 230Lesson 42?THE LLANOS OF SOUTH AMERICA?????第四十二课?南美大草原 239Lesson 43?THE DEATH OFNAPOLEON AT ST. HELENA?????第四十三课?拿破仑死于圣海伦娜 244Lesson 44?HYMN BEFORE SUNRISE, IN THE VALE OF CHAMOUNI?????第四十四课?日出之前的赞歌，于沙莫尼山谷 247Lesson 45?“WITH BRAINS, SIR”／第四十五课?“先生，用脑子” 252Lesson 46?LIFE IN SAXON ENGLAND（I）?????第四十六课?撒克森时期英国的生活（一） 257Lesson 47?LIFE IN SAXON ENGLAND（II）?????第四十七课?撒克森时期英国的生活（二） 265Lesson 48?THE RELIEF OF LUCKNOW／第四十八课?勒克瑙的救援 270Lesson 49?THE BALACLAVA CHARGE?????第四十九课?巴拉克拉瓦冲锋 275Lesson 50?THE CHARGE OF THE LIGHT BRIGADE?????第五十课?轻骑兵进击 280Lesson 51?THE DISCOVERY OF THE SEA ROUTE TO INDIA?????第五十一课?通往印度海上航线的发现 283Lesson 52?GREECE／第五十二课?希?腊 288Lesson 53?THERMOPYL?／第五十三课?塞莫皮莱 293Lesson 54?PAUL AT ATHENS／第五十四课?保罗在雅典 296Lesson 55?EVIDENCES OF DESIGN IN CREATION?????第五十五课?世界中设计的证据 301Lesson 56?THE STORY OF HORATIUS／第五十六课?贺雷修斯的故事 308Lesson 57?ROMAN GIRL’S SONG／第五十七课?罗马女孩之歌 319Lesson 58?REGULUS BEFORE THE ROMAN SENATE?????第五十八课?雷古拉斯在罗马元老院前 322Lesson 59?THE SAHARA／第五十九课?撒哈拉沙漠 329Lesson 60?THE LIGHT-HOUSE／第六十课?灯?塔 337Lesson 61?THE LAST FIGHT IN THE COLIS?UM?????第六十一课?竞技场最后的战斗 341Lesson 62?THE DESTRUCTION OF POMPEII?????第六十二课?庞贝的毁灭 350Lesson 63?THE SOUTH-WEST MONSOON IN CEYLON?????第六十三课?锡兰的西南季风 357Lesson 64?THE SEVEN AGES OF MAN／第六十四课?人生七阶 361Lesson 65?LIFE IN NORMAN ENGLAND?????第六十五课?诺曼时代的英国生活 363Lesson 66?SIR ROGER DE COVERLET?????第六十六课?罗杰?德?克里夫爵士 371Lesson 67?OLD ENGLISH AND NORMAN-FRENCH ?????第六十七课?古英语与诺曼法语 376Lesson 68?VENICE／第六十八课?威尼斯 383Lesson 69?THE CIRCULATION OF WATER／第六十九课?水循环 390Lesson 70?GINEVRA／第七十课?吉内乌拉 394Lesson 71?THE DIGNITY OF LABOUR／第七十一课?劳动的尊严 399Lesson 72?THE PROBLEM OF CREATION／第七十二课?宇宙的问题 403Lesson 73?EDUCATION AND THE STATE／第七十三课?教育与国家 406Lesson 74?ENGLISH SELF-ESTEEM／第七十四课?英国的自尊 411Lesson 75?PLEASURES OF KNOWLEDGE／第七十五课?知识的快乐 414Lesson 76?THE BRITISH CONSTITUTIONAL SYSTEM OF CANADA?????第七十六课?加拿大的英国宪法制度 418Lesson 77?THE SCHOOLMASTER AND THE CONQUEROR?????第七十七课?教师与征服者 421Lesson 78?BRITISH COLONIAL AND NAVAL POWER?????第七十八课?英国殖民和海军的力量 424Lesson 79?KING JOHN／第七十九课?约翰王 429
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《英国语文》原名《皇家读本》（The Royal Readers），是20世纪前后由英国著名的教材出版公司托马斯-尼尔森公司编写出版的一套小学语文教材。这套教材共分为六册，分别对应西方英语国家小学一至六年级的语文教学。这套书出版后，在西方英语国家的学校被广泛使用。根据这套书原编者的初衷，是为了引导孩子们对他们所阅读的作品产生真正的兴趣，并通过阅读提升他们的能力，最终将阅读所获得的能力运用到生活实践中去。可以说，这是一套以兴趣为引导、学以致用的教材。这套书的编写体例非常严谨，一至四册教材的每篇文章后面基本都有课后提问、拼读训练、书写练习等内容，从第五册开始，又增加了单词解释，使学生通过阅读增加词汇量，进一步巩固和加深对文章的印象。在选文内容上，这套书由浅入深，每一册对应不同年龄段的读者，选文也从简单的儿歌、短文、常用句型开始，逐渐提升为篇幅稍长的作品，再进阶到中长篇的经典著作。从难易程度来看，这套书前三册内容简单浅显，文字朴素简洁，比较适合国内中低年级小学生阅读；后三部分的内容相对繁复深奥，开始有侧重性，有的笔法精妙、描写细腻，有的文风犀利、寓意深刻，比较适合高年级小学生和中学生阅读。总之，这套书的选文内容丰富，从其所选文章涉及的体裁来看，包括了故事、童话、传记、诗歌等；题材涉及旅游、历险、历史、自然、科学等。这些选文体现了英国丰富的历史文化知识和西方国家的道德价值观念，让小读者们在提高文学修养的同时，也可以开阔自己的视野。这套书的最大特色在于它所包含的内容非常贴近生活，能让小读者们觉得书中讲述的事情就发生在他们身边。而且，这套书所选的文章除了颂扬真、善、美之外，并没有回避生活中的艰难与困苦，突出了困境之下个人的坚守与成长。这样的文章往往更容易引起心灵的共鸣，也将对小读者们的人生观起到正面积极的作用。我们衷心希望通过这套书的出版，让中国的读者朋友学习地道标准的英语，打开通往世界的心灵之窗；同时还能获得文学知识、个人修养、伦理道德等多方面的提升。如果您在阅读中发现有疑问或错误之处，请不吝指正，以便我们更加完善这套书的编写。
THE GREAT SIEGE OF GIBRALTAR1779-1782Gibraltar fell into the hands of the English in 1704, during the War of the Spanish Succession—the war in which Marlborough gained so much glory for the English arms. Admiral Sir George Rooke had been sent to the Mediterranean, to watch the French and Spanish fleets. For a long time he was unable to accomplish anything of importance; but, learning that Gibraltar was very poorly garrisoned, he suddenly attacked and captured it, and hoisted the English flag on its Signal Station.That flag is the only one that has ever floated there since the 23rd of July 1704. Time after time have the Spaniards tried to recover this “key of the Mediterranean;” but every effort has been repulsed most gallantly, and often with tremendous loss to the enemy.The last attempt they made was the most gigantic and determined of all; and its successful resistance by the English garrison forms one of the most heroic incidents in the annals of modem warfare. It occurred during the struggle which severed from England her North American colonies. France recognized the United States as an independent power in 1778, and a war with England was the consequence. In the following year Spain joined France, and Gibraltar was immediately blockaded.The siege which followed lasted three years. Every appliance which experience could suggest, or skill could devise, was brought into requisition. Never before had such tremendous armaments, by sea and by land, been brought against any fortress. Yet the garrison held out bravely; and twice their friends outside—once by Admiral Darby, and once by Rodney—succeeded in sending them reinforcements and supplies.Early in 1781, there was a terrific bombardment of the place; but so effectual was the shelter afforded by the casemates, or bomb-proof vaults, that the garrison lost only seventy men. In November of the same year, General Elliot, who conducted the defence, headed a midnight sortie, which annihilated the entire line of the enemy’s works. Their floating batteries were at the same time destroyed with red-hot balls. That one night cost the Spaniards two millions sterling!But the final effort was made in 1782, when the Duke de Crillon, flushed with his success in capturing Minorca, took the command of the besiegers. He had under him upwards of 30,000 of the best troops of France and Spain, and his heavy guns amounted to the then unprecedented number of one hundred and seventy. The combined fleets numbered forty-seven sail of the line, with ten great floating batteries—the contrivance of a French engineer, and deemed invincible,—and frigates, gun-boats, mortar-boats and small craft without number. The besieged numbered only 7000 men with eighty guns.The siege attracted the interest of the whole civilized world. Two French princes joined the besiegers’ camp, to witness the fall of the place. “Is it taken?” was the first question asked each morning by the King of Spain. “Not yet; but it will be soon,” said his courtiers： and still Elliot’s guns thundered defiance from the Rock.At length, on the morning of the 13th of September, the grand and decisive attack commenced. The ten battering-ships bore down in admirable order to their several stations. The Admiral, in a two-decker, moored about nine hundred yards off the King’s Bastion. The other vessels took their places in a masterly manner, the most distant being eleven hundred or twelve hundred yards from the garrison. Under shelter of the walls, furnaces for heating shot had been lighted; and, from the instant the ships dropped into position, a continuous fire of red-hot balls was directed upon them by the garrison.In little more than ten minutes, continues Drinkwater, the enemy were completely moored, and their cannonade then became tremendous. The showers of shot and shell which were directed from their land-batteries and battering-ships, on the one band, and, on the other, the incessant fire from the various works of the garrison, exhibited a scene of which neither the pen nor the pencil can furnish a competent idea. It is sufficient to say that upwards of four hundred pieces of the heaviest artillery were playing at the same moment—a power of ordnance which up till that time had scarcely been employed in any siege since the invention of those wonderful engines of destruction.After some hours’ cannonade, the battering-ships were found to be no less formidable than they had been represented. Our heaviest shells often rebounded from their tops, whilst the thirty-two pound shot seemed incapable of making any visible impression upon their hulls. Frequently we flattered ourselves that they were on fire; but no sooner did any smoke appear, than, with the most persevering intrepidity, men were observed applying water from their engines within, to those places whence the smoke issued.Though vexatiously annoyed from the isthmus, our artillery directed their sole attention to the battering-ships, the furious and spirited opposition of which served to excite our people to more animated exertions. A fire more tremendous, if possible, than ever, was therefore directed upon them from the garrison. Incessant showers of hot balls, carcasses, and shells of every species, flew from all quarters; yet, for some hours, the attack and defence were so equally maintained as scarcely to indicate any appearance of superiority on either side. The wonderful construction of the ships seemed to bid defiance to the powers of the heaviest ordnance.In the afternoon, however, the face of things began to change considerably. The smoke which had been observed to issue from the upper part of the flag-ship appeared to prevail, notwithstanding the constant application of water; and the Admiral’s second was perceived to be in the same condition.As night came on, the flames fairly gained the ascendant. The confusion which reigned on board of these vessels soon communicated itself to the whole line. The fire of the battering-ships gradually slackened： that of the garrison, on the contrary, seemed to become more animated and tremendous.
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