导 读
001
PREFACE
001
CHAPTER I THE KING OF THE WOOD
003
1. Diana and Virbius.
003
2. Artemis and Hippolytus.
014
3. Recapitulation.
016
CHAPTER II PRIESTLY KINGS
019
CHAPTER III SYMPATHETIC MAGIC
023
1. The Principles of Magic.
023
2. Homoeopathic or Imitative Magic.
026
3. Contagious Magic.
067
4. The Magicians Progress.
080
CHAPTER IV MAGIC AND RELIGION
086
CHAPTER V THE MAGICAL CONTROL OF THE WEATHER
105
1. The Public Magician.
105
2. The Magical Control of Rain.
108
3. The Magical Control of the Sun.
133
4. The Magical Control of the Wind.
137
CHAPTER VI MAGICIANS AS KINGS
143
CHAPTER VII INCARNATE HUMAN GODS
156
CHAPTER VIII DEPARTMENTAL KINGS OF NATURE
182
CHAPTER IX THE WORSHIP OF TREES
187
1. Tree-spirits.
187
2. Beneficent Powers of Tree-spirits.
200
CHAPTER X RELICS OF TREE-WORSHIP IN MODERN EUROPE
206
CHAPTER XI THE INFLUENCE OF THE SEXES ON VEGETATION
231
CHAPTER XII THE SACRED MARRIAGE
238
1. Diana as a Goddess of Fertility.
238
2. The Marriage of the Gods.
242
CHAPTER XIII THE KINGS OF ROME AND ALBA
250
1. Numa and Egeria.
250
2. The King as Jupiter.
252
CHAPTER XIV THE SUCCESSION TO THE KINGDOM IN ANCIENT LATIUM
260
CHAPTER XV THE WORSHIP OF THE OAK
272
CHAPTER XVI DIANUS AND DIANA
277
CHAPTER XVII THE BURDEN OF ROYALTY
287
1. Royal and Priestly Taboos.
287
2. Divorce of the Spiritual from the Temporal Power.
299
CHAPTER XVIII THE PERILS OF THE SOUL
304
1. The Soul as a Mannikin.
304
2. Absence and Recall of the Soul.
306
3. The Soul as a Shadow and a Reflection.
322
CHAPTER XIX TABOOED ACTS
330
1. Taboos on Intercourse with Strangers.
330
2. Taboos on Eating and Drinking.
337
3. Taboos on showing the Face.
339
4. Taboos on quitting the House.
340
5. Taboos on leaving Food over.
341
CHAPTER XX TABOOED PERSONS
344
1. Chiefs and Kings tabooed.
344
2. Mourners tabooed.
349
3. Women tabooed at Menstruation and Childbirth.
353
4. Warriors tabooed.
356
5. Manslayers tabooed.
360
6. Hunters and Fishers tabooed.
368
CHAPTER XXI TABOOED THINGS
379
1. The Meaning of Taboo.
379
2. Iron tabooed.
380
3. Sharp Weapons tabooed.
385
4. Blood tabooed.
386
5. The Head tabooed.
390
6. Hair tabooed.
392
7. Ceremonies at Hair-cutting.
395
8. Disposal of Cut Hair and Nails.
396
9. Spittle tabooed.
401
10. Foods tabooed.
403
11. Knots and Rings tabooed.
404
CHAPTER XXII TABOOED WORDS
414
1. Personal Names tabooed.
414
2. Names of Relations tabooed.
421
3. Names of the Dead tabooed.
425
4. Names of Kings and other Sacred Persons tabooed.
434
5. Names of Gods tabooed.
439
CHAPTER XXIII OUR DEBT TO THE SAVAGE
444
CHAPTER XXIV THE KILLING OF THE DIVINE KING
448
1. The Mortality of the Gods.
448
2. Kings killed when their Strength fails.
449
3. Kings killed at the End of a Fixed Term.
463
CHAPTER XXV TEMPORARY KINGS
479
CHAPTER XXVI SACRIFICE OF THE KINGS SON
489
CHAPTER XXVII SUCCESSION TO THE SOUL
496
CHAPTER XXVIII THE KILLING OF THE TREE-SPIRIT
501
1. The Whitsuntide Mummers.
501
2. Burying the Carnival.
509
3. Carrying out Death.
519
4. Bringing in Summer.
525
5. Battle of Summer and Winter.
533
6. Death and Resurrection of Kostrubonko.
535
7. Death and Revival of Vegetation.
538
8. Analogous Rites in India.
539
9. The Magic Spring.
541
CHAPTER XXIX THE MYTH OF ADONIS
546
CHAPTER XXX ADONIS IN SYRIA
553
CHAPTER XXXI ADONIS IN CYPRUS
557
CHAPTER XXXII THE RITUAL OF ADONIS
567
CHAPTER XXXIII THE GARDENS OF ADONIS
577
CHAPTER XXXIV THE MYTH AND RITUAL OF ATTIS
587
CHAPTER XXXV ATTIS AS A GOD OF VEGETATION
596
CHAPTER XXXVI HUMAN REPRESENTATIVES OF ATTIS
599
CHAPTER XXXVII ORIENTAL RELIGIONS IN THE WEST
604
CHAPTER XXXVIII THE MYTH OF OSIRIS
614
CHAPTER XXXIX THE RITUAL OF OSIRIS
624
1. The Popular Rites.
624
2. The Official Rites.
631
CHAPTER XL THE NATURE OF OSIRIS
639
1. Osiris a Corn-god.
639
2. Osiris a Tree-spirit.
643
3. Osiris a God of Fertility.
644
4. Osiris a God of the Dead.
645
CHAPTER XLI ISIS
647
CHAPTER XLII OSIRIS AND THE SUN
651
CHAPTER XLIII DIONYSUS
654
CHAPTER XLIV DEMETER AND PERSEPHONE
669
CHAPTER XLV THE CORN-MOTHER AND THE CORN-MAIDEN IN NORTHERN EUROPE
680
CHAPTER XLVI THE CORN-MOTHER IN MANY LANDS
702
1. The Corn-mother in America.
702
2. The Rice-mother in the East Indies.
704
3. The Spirit of the Corn embodied in Human Beings.
713
4. The Double Personification of the Corn as Mother and Daughter.
715
CHAPTER XLVII LITYERSES
722
1. Songs of the Corn-reapers.
722
2. Killing the Corn-spirit.
724
3. Human Sacrifices for the Crops.
734
4. The Corn-spirit slain in his Human Representatives.
745
CHAPTER XLVIII THE CORN-SPIRIT AS AN ANIMAL
760
1. Animal Embodiments of the Corn-spirit.
760
2. The Corn-spirit as a Wolf or a Dog.
761
3. The Corn-spirit as a Cock.
765
4. The Corn-spirit as a Hare.
768
5. The Corn-spirit as a Cat.
769
6. The Corn-spirit as a Goat.
770
7. The Corn-spirit as a Bull, Cow, or Ox.
775
8. The Corn-spirit as a Horse or Mare.
779
9. The Corn-spirit as a Pig Boar or Sow.
781
10. On the Animal Embodiments of the Corn-spirit.
785
CHAPTER XLIX ANCIENT DEITIES OF VEGETATION AS ANIMALS
788
1. Dionysus, the Goat and the Bull.
788
2. Demeter, the Pig and the Horse.
795
3. Attis, Adonis, and the Pig.
799
4. Osiris, the Pig and the Bull.
801
5. Virbius and the Horse.
808
CHAPTER L EATING THE GOD
813
1. The Sacrament of First-Fruits.
813
2. Eating the God among the Aztecs.
827
3. Many Manii at Aricia.
831
CHAPTER LI HOMOEOPATHIC MAGIC OF A FLESH DIET
836
CHAPTER LII KILLING THE DIVINE ANIMAL
844
1. Killing the Sacred Buzzard.
844
2. Killing the Sacred Ram.
846
3. Killing the Sacred Serpent.
848
4. Killing the Sacred Turtles.
848
5. Killing the Sacred Bear.
852
CHAPTER LIII THE PROPITIATION OF WILD ANIMALS BY HUNTERS
874
CHAPTER LIV TYPES OF ANIMAL SACRAMENT
896
1. The Egyptian and the Aino Types of Sacrament.
896
2. Processions with Sacred Animals.
901
CHAPTER LV THE TRANSFERENCE OF EVIL
908
1. The Transference to Inanimate Objects.
908
2. The Transference to Animals.
910
3. The Transference to Men.
913
4. The Transference of Evil in Europe.
915
CHAPTER LVI THE PUBLIC EXPULSION OF EVILS
921
1. The Omnipresence of Demons.
921
2. The Occasional Expulsion of Evils.
922
3. The Periodic Expulsion of Evils.
928
CHAPTER LVII PUBLIC SCAPEGOATS
946
1. The Expulsion of Embodied Evils.
946
2. The Occasional Expulsion of Evils in a Material Vehicle.
948
3. The Periodic Expulsion of Evils in a Material Vehicle.
952
4. On Scapegoats in General.
965
CHAPTER LVIII HUMAN SCAPEGOATS IN CLASSICAL ANTIQUITY
970
1. The Human Scapegoat in Ancient Rome.
970
2. The Human Scapegoat in Ancient Greece.
971
3. The Roman Saturnalia.
979
CHAPTER LIX KILLING THE GOD IN MEXICO
986
CHAPTER LX BETWEEN HEAVEN AND EARTH
995
1. Not to touch the Earth.
995
2. Not to see the Sun.
999
3. The Seclusion of Girls at Puberty.
1000
4. Reasons for the Seclusion of Girls at Puberty.
1012
CHAPTER LXI THE MYTH OF BALDER
1019
CHAPTER LXII THE FIRE-FESTIVALS OF EUROPE
1022
1. The Fire-festivals in general.
1022
2. The Lenten Fires.
1023
3. The Easter Fires.
1031
4. The Beltane Fires.
1035
5. The Midsummer Fires.
1042
6. The Halloween Fires.
1059
7. The Midwinter Fires.
1065
8. The Need-fire.
1068
CHAPTER LXIII THE INTERPRETATION OF THE FIRE- FESTIVALS
1074
1. On the Fire-festivals in general.
1074
2. The Solar Theory of the Fire-festivals.
1076
3. The Purificatory Theory of the Fire-festivals.
1083
CHAPTER LXIV THE BURNING OF HUMAN BEINGS IN THE FIRES
1088
I. The Burning of Effigies in the Fires.
1088
2. The Burning of Men and Animals in the Fires.
1090
CHAPTER LXV BALDER AND THE MISTLETOE
1102
CHAPTER LXVI THE EXTERNAL SOUL IN FOLK-TALES
1117
CHAPTER LXVII THE EXTERNAL SOUL IN FOLK-CUSTOM
1135
1. The External Soul in Inanimate Things.
1135
2. The External Soul in Plants.
1139
3. The External Soul in Animals.
1141
4. The Ritual of Death and Resurrection.
1155
CHAPTER LXVIII THE GOLDEN BOUGH
1169
CHAPTER LXIX FAREWELL TO NEMI
1184
术语汇编与简释
1191
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