前言
作为“十三五”收官之年的2020年是特殊的一年,年初新冠肺炎疫情暴发,包括创意产业在内的各行业在这一年中均受到前所未有的冲击。从国家到地方多措并举提振经济,促进文化消费、加快创意产业融入内循环、以“文化”推动区域融合与城乡发展,创意产业数字化转型进一步加速,并在疫情防控进入常态化后继续发挥引领作用。
随着城市更新逐渐成为城市发展新模式,创意产业的发展目标也逐渐融合到城市更新的整体目标之中。近年来,城市更新相关政策中涉及文化的议题逐渐得到重视,为城市更新与创意产业的融合发展提供了政策保障。各地在推进城市更新同时发展创意产业的实践中获得了宝贵经验,历史文化街区、工业文化遗产等文化资源在城市更新中得到保护和利用,创意产业为城市空间重新布局注入新的活力。“十四五”期间,城市更新行动的规模将进一步扩大并得到规范,在城市更新中实现共建共治共享,并借由创意产业的发展获得空间重塑与文化的传承。
《中国创意产业发展报告(2021)》以“城市更新与创意产业发展”为主题,通过若干城市创意产业的发展反映全国总体情况和趋势,组织国内具有代表性的北京、天津、石家庄、哈尔滨、常州、扬州、宁波、南昌、抚州、青岛、郑州、武汉、重庆、贵阳、西安、西宁、澳门17座城市的专家学者参与撰稿。关注各城市如何在城市更新中激发创意产业发展活力,推动创意产业升级转型;详细阐述这些城市创意产业发展现状、创新模式与特点,总结城市更新与创意产业融合发展的成功经验,归纳面临的问题与发展短板,结合创意产业正在面对的国内外巨大挑战,探索应对措施及发展方向。
本年度报告沿袭以往“总报告、分城市报告、评析”三个板块的基本框架,继续发布“中国城市文化创意指数报告”,采用文化创意创意生态、赋能能力、审美驱动力、创新驱动力4个方面、16个指标、45个数据项对国内149个城市创意产业发展给予评价分析,形成指数报告,发布排行榜,并对“粤港澳大湾区”“长三角”“京津冀”三大城市群进行专题研究分析。
《中国创意产业发展报告》连续16年跟踪观察中国创意产业的发展,较为完整地记录了创意产业在中国主要城市的发展历程。2021年的中国创意产业发展报告将纳入“创意城市蓝皮书”体系,形成统一的品牌,我们将与各地合作者、广大读者一起,继续致力于推动创意产业发展。在此,对参与本书撰稿的各创意城市的专家学者、相关政府部门和协会的领导表示衷心感谢。
后,还要感谢北京市科学技术研究院(北科智库)对《中国创意产业发展报告》编撰工作的一贯支持,作为智库产品的重要载体,创意城市蓝皮书将继续丰富北科智库的成果内容和形式。ForewordForewordForeword
As the final year of the 13th Five-Year period, 2020 was a special year. The outbreak of COVID-19 before the Spring Festival has brought about unprecedented impact to all industries including creative industries. From central to local government, measures have been taken to revitalize economic development, promote cultural consumption, speed up creative industries integrating into internal circulation, and contribute to regional integration as well as urban and rural development based on “culture plus” strategy. The digital transformation of creative industries has been further accelerating and continuely leading when the epidemic prevention and control has become normalized.
Since urban renewal has gradually become a new paradigm of urban development, the aims of the development of creative industries have gradually integrated into the general aims of urban renewal. In recent years, culture related topics have been increasingly valued among policies regarding urban renewal, which provides policy guarantee to the integration of urban renewal and creative industries. Apart from promoting urban renewal, local governments have also gained precious experience from developing creative industries. Cultural resources such as historic cultural areas and industrial heritage have been protected and utilized via urban renewal. Creative industries have instilled new vitality into urban restructuring. According to the 14th Five-Year Plan, the scale of urban renewal will be further enlarged and standardized. This will accomplish co-construction and co-governance and sharing, and will actualize spatial remolding and cultural inheritance via the developing creative industries.
The Chinese Creative Industries Report 2021, themed with urban renewal and creative industries development, organized 17 representative cities in China to join and contribute in writing which include Beijing, Tianjin, Shijiazhuang, Harbin, Changzhou, Yangzhou, Ningbo, Nanchang, Fuzhou, Tsingtao, Zhengzhou, Wuhan, Chongqing, Guiyang, Xi’an, Xining and Macau. The report focuses on how the cities stimulate vitality of creative industries development, how they promote the upgrading and transformation of creative industries; elaborates on the present situation, innovation modes and characteristics of creative industries among the cities, summarizes successful experience of urban renewal and the development of creative industries integration, concludes the issues confronted and the weaknesses in its development, and explores measures and fufure directions in view of the huge challenges creative industries face at home and abroad.
This annual report follows the three part basic framework: general summary,individual city report,and comment and analysis. It continues to publish the report on Chinese urban cultural creative industries, offers comments and analysis on the development of urban creative industries among 149 cities in China measured in 4 aspects (cultural creativity creative ecology, enabling skills, aesthetic driving force and innovation driving force), 16 indexes, and 45 data items, formulates index report and publishes rankings. On top of this, the annual report does thematic research and analysis into three city clusters: Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, Yangtze River Delta,and Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region.
Over the past 16 years, the Chinese Creative Industries Report has been tracking the development of Chinese creative industries. It records the process of development of creative industries among major cities in China comprehensively.As an integrated brand, In 2021,Chinese Creative Industries Report becomes part of the Blue Book of Creative Cities series. We will co-operate with contributors and public readers from different regions, dedicating in promoting the development of creative industries continuously. Hereby, we would like to express heartfelt gratitude to those who contributed to this report, experts and scholars in each creative city and officials of related government sectors and associations.
Finally, we would also like express our gratitude to Beijing Academy of Science and Technology for supporting the Chinese Creative Industries Report. As an important carrier of Think Tank products, this blue book will continue to enrich the content and form of the achievements.
城市是生产力发展到一定阶段的产物,并随着生产力的发展而不断升级。时至今日,伴着工业文明的推进和文化提升,以及服务业的大力发展,经济增长方式的转变和产业结构的调整正在推动一部分城市向着一个前所未有的高度迈进,这就是创意城市。
创意城市已经为众多有识之士所关注、所认同、所思考。在全球性竞争日趋激烈、资源环境束缚日渐紧迫的形势下,城市对可持续发展的追求,必然要大力发展附加值高、环境友好、成效显著的创意经济。创意经济的发展实质上就是要大力发展创意产业,而城市是创意产业发展的根据地和目的地,创意产业也正是从城市发端、在城市中集聚发展的。创意产业的发展又激发了城市活力,集聚了创意人才,提升了城市的文化品位和整体形象。
综观伦敦、纽约、东京、巴黎、米兰等众所周知的创意城市,其共同特征大都离不开创意经济。首先,这些城市都在历史上积累了一定的经济、文化和科技基础,足以支持创意经济的兴起和长久发展;其次,这些城市都已形成了发达的创意产业,而且能以创意产业支持和推进更为广泛的经济领域创新;后,这些城市都具备了和谐包容的创意生态,既能涵养相当数量和水平的创意产业消费者,又能集聚和培养众多不同背景和个性的创意产业生产者,使创意经济行为得以顺利开展。
对照上述特征不难发现,我国的一些城市已经或者正在迈向创意城市,从北京、上海到青岛、西安等二线城市,再到义乌、丽江等中小城市,我们自2006年起每年编撰的《中国创意产业发展报告》一直忠实记录着它们的创意轨迹。今天,随着创意产业的蔚然成风,其中的部分城市已经积累了相当丰富的实践经验以及大量可供研究的数据与文字资料,对其进行专门研究的时机已经成熟。
因此,我们决定在《中国创意产业发展报告》的基础上,逐步对中国各主要创意城市的发展状况展开更加深化、细化和个性化的研究和发布,由此即产生了“创意城市蓝皮书”,这也是中国创意产业研究中心“创意书系”的重要组成部分。希望这部蓝皮书能够成为中国每一座创意城市的忠实记录者、宣传推介者和研究探索者。
是为序。
2011年11月Preface to the Blue Book of Creative CitiesPreface to the Blue Book of Creative CitiesPreface to the Blue Book of Creative CitiesZhang JingchengCity came into being while social productivity has developed into a certain stage and upgrades with the progress of the productivity. Along with the marching of industrial civilization, cultural development, the growth of the service industry, the transformation of economic growth and the adjustment of industrial structure, cities worldwide have by now entered an unprecedented stage as of the era of creative cities.
Creative cities have caught the attention from various fields these years. While the global competition for limited resources gets heated, sustainable development has become the only solution for cities, which brings creative economy of high added value and high efficiency into this historic stage. Creative industries is the parallel phrase to creative economy, which regards cities as the bases and the core of the development, and cities is also the place where creative industries started and clustered. On the other hand, creative industries helped to keep the city vigorous, attract more talents and strengthen the public image of the city.
From the experiences of world cities such as London, New York, Tokyo, Paris, and Milan, creative economy has been their common characteristic. First, histories of these cities have provided them with certain amount of economic, cultural and technological resources, which is the engine to start and maintain creative economy; second, all these cities have had sound creative industries which can function as a driving force for the innovation and economic growth of the city; finally, these cities have fostered harmonious and tolerant creative ecology through time, which conserves consumers of creative industries, while attracting more creative industries practitioners.
It can be seen that some Chinese cities have been showing their tendency on the way to become creative cities, such as large cities of Beijing and Shanghai, medium-size cities of Qingdao, Xi’an and even small cities of Yiwu and Lijiang, whose development paths have been closely followed up in our Chinese Creative Industries Report started in 2006. By now, some cities have had rich experiences, comprehensive data and materials worthy to be studied, thus the time to carry out a special research has arrived.
Therefore, based on Chinese Creative Industries Report, we decided to conduct a deeper, more detailed and more characteristic research on some active creative cities of China, leading to the birth of Blue Book of Creative Cities, which is also an important part of Creative Series published by China Creative Industries Research Center. We hope this blue book can function as a faithful recorder, promoter and explorer for every creative city of China.