Dr. W. Norman Scott MD， FACS 阿尔伯特爱因斯坦医学院骨科教授，Insall Scott Kelly骨科研究院创始人及资深主任，美国医学继续教育认证项目“Insall Scott Kelly成人外科重建”项目负责人。历任膝关节学会主席，Insall Travelling Fellowship主任等。美国骨科医师学会讲师级成员。《人工关节杂志》《美国膝关节外科杂志》等杂志编委。膝关节重建及运动医学专业25个医学继续教育项目主席。
John N. Insall 膝关节学会创始成员。其首创设计的人工膝关节奠定了现今膝关节置换的原型，还首次提出了前交叉韧带手术方案，在膝关节外科领域有着极大的全球影响力。其毕生撰写了5部专著41个章节，以及150篇同行评审论文；经他培训的骨科医师有200余名，全球膝关节专科医师100多名。
目錄：
SECTION I Basic Science
1 Anatomy/ 2
2 Anatomic Aberrations/ 50
3 Clinical Examination of the Knee/ 65
4 Gene Therapy for the Treatment of Knee Disorders/ 79
SECTION II Imaging of the Knee
5 Knee Imaging Techniques and Normal Anatomy/ 86
6 Fractures/ 111
7 Imaging of the Meniscus/ 133
8 Cruciate Ligaments/ 161
9 Imaging of Synovium and Cartilage of the Knee/ 183
10 Lateral Supporting Structures: Posterolateral Corner
11 Medial Supporting Structures: Medial Collateral
12 Imaging of the Extensor Mechanism/ 229
13 Imaging of Total Knee Arthroplasty/ 243
14 Tumors in the Knee/ 264
15 Ultrasound-Guided Procedures/ 287
SECTION III Biomechanics
16 Three-Dimensional Morphology of the Knee/ 298
17 Fluoroscopic Analysis of Total Knee Replacement/ 307
18 In Vivo Kinematics of the Patellofemoral Joint/ 312
19 Forward Solution Modeling: An In Vivo Theoretical Simulator of the Knee/ 323
20 Contact Mechanics of the Human Knee/ 329
21 In Vivo Mechanics and Vibration of the Knee Joint/ 338
22 Does Strain in the Patella Change After Total Knee Arthroplasty? A Finite Element Investigation of Natural and Implanted Patellae/ 346
23 Wear Simulation of Knee Implants/ 353
24 Knee Wear/ 358
25 The Asian Knee/ 374
26 Mobile Fluoroscopy: Determination of Natural，Unrestricted Knee Motion/ 388
27 Articular Cartilage: Biology/ Biomechanics/ and Healing Response/ 393
28 Articular Cartilage Injury and Adult Osteochondritis Dissecans: Treatment Options and Decision Making/ 401
29 International Experience With Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation With Periosteum (Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation) Including Scaffold Guided Techniques and Tissue Engineered Matrix Support/ 412
30 Osteochondral Autograft Transplantation/ 427
31 Osteochondral Allograft Transplantation/ 442
32 Articular Cartilage Repair With Bioscaffolds/ 454
33 Management of Failed Cartilage Repair/ 462
34 Osteochondritis Dissecans of the Knee in the Young Patient/ 469
35 Secondary， Spontaneous， and Postarthroscopy Osteonecrosis of the Knee: Diagnosis and Management/ 475
36 Healing of Knee Ligaments and Menisci/ 485
37 Arthroscopic Meniscal Resection/ 503
38 Arthroscopy-Assisted Inside-Out and Outside-In Meniscus Repair/ 513
39 All-Inside Arthroscopic Meniscal Repair/ 523
40 Meniscal Allograft Transplantation/ 530
41 Synthetic Meniscal Substitutes and Collagen Scaffold for Meniscal Regeneration/ 544
42 Classifi cation of Knee Ligament Injuries/ 556
43 Sports Knee Rating Systems and Related Statistics/ 575
44 Medial Ligamentous Injuries of the Knee: Acute and Chronic/ 584
45 Fibular Collateral Ligament and the Posterolateral Corner/ 592
46 Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries and Reconstruction: Indications/ Principles/ and Outcomes/ 608
47 Bone-Patellar Tendon-Bone Autograft Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction/ 623
48 Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction With Hamstring Tendons/ 631
49 Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction With Central Quadriceps Free Tendon Graft/ 642
50 Allograft Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction/ 646
51 Double-Bundle Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction/ 658
52 Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction via the Anteromedial Portal and Single-Tunnel，Double-Bundle Techniques/ 665
53 Complications of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction/ 671
54 Revision Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction/ 678
Shawn G. Anthony， Pramod B. Voleti，Riley J. Williams III
55 Revision Anterior Cruciate Ligament Surgery: One-Stage versus Two-Stage Technique/ 685
56 Osteotomy and the Cruciate-Defi cient Knee/ 702
57 Rehabilitation of the Surgically Reconstructed and Nonsurgical Anterior Cruciate Ligament/ 712
58 Knee Bracing for Athletic Injuries/ 724
59 Decision Making and Surgical Treatment of Posterior Cruciate Ligament Ruptures/ 739
60 Posterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: Posterior Inlay Technique/ 791
61 Posterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: Transtibial Double-Bundle Technique/ 801
62 Posterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: Remnant-Preserving Technique Through the Posteromedial Portal/ 810
63 The Dislocated Knee/ 819
64 Dislocation of the Proximal Tibiofi bular Joint/ 833
65 Disorders of the Patellofemoral Joint/ 843
66 Distal Realignment of the Patellofemoral Joint: Indications/ Effects/ Results/ and Recommendations/ 885
67 Surgery of the Patellofemoral Joint: Proximal Realignment/ 902
68 Repair and Reconstruction of the Medial Patellofemoral Ligament for Treatment of Lateral PatellarDislocations:Surgical Techniques and Clinical Results/ 939
69 Sulcus-Deepening Trochleoplasty/ 954
70 Quadriceps and Patellar Tendon Disruption/ 967
71 Gout and Other Crystalline Arthropathies/ 986
72 Knee Osteoarthritis/ 992
73 Overview of Psoriatic Arthritis/ 998
74 Systemic Allergic Dermatitis in Total Knee Arthroplasty/ 1003
75 Rheumatoid Arthritis of the Knee: Current Medical Management/ 1010
76 Hemophilia and Pigmented Villonodular Synovitis Hemophilia and the Knee/ 1015
76B Human Immunodefi ciency Virus Infection and Its Relationship to Knee Disorders/ 1020
SECTION VIII Anesthesia for Knee Surgery
PART I Preoperative Evaluation
77 Basics， Preoperative Assessment/ and Medical Optimization/ 1032
78 Patients With Stents/ 1037
79 Diabetes Mellitus and the Knee/ 1040
80 Rheumatoid Arthritis/ 1046
81 Bilateral Total Knee Replacement: Indications for Sequential and Simultaneous Surgery/ 1051
PART II Perioperative Management of Inpatient Procedures
82 Monitoring During Total Knee Arthroplasty/ 1056
83 Spinal or General Anesthesia? 1058
84 Revision Total Knee Arthroplasties/ 1062
85 The Pneumatic Tourniquet/ 1063
86 Cement Embolism/ 1069
87 Tranexamic Acid/ 1071
88 Blood Loss and Fluid Management/ 1078
89 Anesthesia for Knee Surgery/ 1081
90 Specifi c Considerations for Fractures and Dislocations/ 1083
PART III Preoperative Analgesia: Nerve Blocks
91 Femoral Nerve Block/ 1086
92 Adductor Canal Block/ 1091
93 Fascia Iliaca Compartment Block/ 1094
94 Psoas Compartment Block/ 1097
95 Sciatic Nerve Block/ 1101
96 Obturator Nerve Block/1106
97 Continuous Perineural Analgesia for Knee Surgery/ 1109
98 Local Anesthetic Infi ltration/ 1117
99 Epidural Analgesia/ 1123
100 Neuraxial Opioids/ 1125
101 Systemic Opioids and Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting/ 1127
102 Multimodal Pharmacologic Analgesia/ 1130
103 Chronic Pain After Total Knee Arthroplasty/ 1134
PART IV Ambulatory Procedures
104 Knee Arthroscopy/ 1140
PART V Thromboprophylaxis
105 Thromboprophylaxis and Neuraxial Anesthesia/ 1147
SECTION IX Plastic Surgery
106 Soft Tissue Healing/ 1150
107 The Problem Wound: Coverage Options/ 1162
SECTION X Fractures About the Knee
108 Distal Femur Fractures/ 1168
109 Tibial Plateau Fractures/ 1180
110 Fractures of the Patella/ 1195
111 Treatment of Periprosthetic Fractures Around a Total Knee Arthroplasty/ 1208
SECTION XI Pediatric Knee
112 Normal Knee Embryology and Development/ 1217
113 Congenital Deformities of the Knee/ 1223
114 Meniscal Disorders/ 1247
115 Osteochondritis Dissecans/ 1255
116 Reconstruction of the Anterior Cruciate Ligament in Pediatric Patients/ 1261
117 Tibial Spine Fractures/ 1273
118 Physeal Fractures About the Knee/ 1281
119 Patellar Instability/ 1289
SECTION XIIA Joint Replacement and Its Alternatives
120 Nonoperative Treatment of Knee Arthritis/ 1307
121 Osteotomies About the Knee/ 1323
122 Osteotomy for the Arthritic Knee: A European Perspective/ 1343
123 Scoring Systems and Their Validation for the Arthritic Knee/ 1362
124 Historic Development， Classifi cation，and Characteristics of Knee Prostheses/ 1375
125 Unicompartmental/ Bicompartmental， or Tricompartmental Arthritis of the Knee: Algorithm for Surgical Management/ 1405
126 Patellofemoral Arthroplasty/ 1409
127 Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty: A European Perspective/ 1420
128 Unicomparmental Knee Replacement With ACL Reconstruction/ 1430
129 Fixed-Bearing Medial Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty/ 1435
130 Medial Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty Mobile Bearing/ 1446
131 Bicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty/ 1471
132 Bicondylar Knee Replacement/ 1476
133 Bicruciate Total Knee Arthroplasty/ 1487
Stephen Gregorius， Christopher L. Peters
134 Bicruciate Total Knee Arthroplasty: An Alternate View/ 1493
135 European Analysis and Results of Partial Knee Replacement/ 1498
136 Posterior Cruciate Ligament Retention in Total Knee Arthroplasty/ 1502
137 Preserving the Posterior Cruciate Ligament/ 1509
138 Custom-Made Knee Replacements/ 1519
139 Posterior Cruciate Sacrifi cing Total Knee Arthroplasty/ 1526
140 Posterior Cruciate Ligament—Substituting Total Knee Arthroplasty/ 1529
141 Posterior Cruciate Ligament Substituting Total Knee Arthroplasty: Considerations in the Middle East/ 1545
142 Mobile-Bearing Total Knee Arthroplasty/ 1566
143 Cemented Total Knee Arthroplasty: The Gold Standard/ 1572
144 Cementless Total Knee Arthroplasty/ 1576
145 Patellar Resurfacing in Total Knee Arthroplasty/ 1585 Oliver S. Schindler
146 Patella Resurfacing—Never/ 1630
147 Patella Resurfacing—Always/ 1637
148 Alignment in Total Knee Arthroplasty/ 1647
149 Surgical Approaches in Total Knee Arthroplasty: Standard and Minimally Invasive Surgery Techniques/ 1652
150 Surgical Techniques and Instrumentation in Total Knee Arthroplasty/ 1665
151 Gap-Balancing Techniques in Total Knee Arthroplasty/ 1721
152 Modern Measured Resection Technique/ 1727
153 Is the Understanding of Gap Balancing and Measured Resection Techniques Necessary to Understand Image-Guided Surgical Techniques for Knee Arthroplasty?/ 1736
154 Mid-Flexion Instability After Total Knee Arthroplasty/ 1740
155 Correction of Fixed Deformities With Total Knee Arthroplasty/ 1750
156 Correction of Deformities With Total Knee Arthroplasty: An Asian Approach/ 1761
157 Pressure Sensors and Soft Tissue Balancing/ 1766
158 The Clinical Effectiveness of Custom-Made Guides for Total Knee Arthroplasty/ 1770
159 Computer Navigation in Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty/ 1775
160 Kinematically Aligned Total Knee Arthroplasty/ 1784
161 Computer-Assisted Navigation: Minimally Invasive Surgery for Total Knee Replacement/ 1797
162 Robotics in Total Knee Arthroplasty: Development/ Outcomes/ and Current Techniques/ 1806
163 Robotic Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty/ 1813
164 Management of Extra-Articular Deformity in Total Knee Arthroplasty With Navigation/ 1818
165 Computer-Assisted Total Knee Arthroplasty for Extramedullary Deformity/ 1827
166 Impact of the Cavus Foot and Ankle on the Painful Knee/ 1837
167 Flat Foot and Its Effect on the Knee/ 1844
168 The Impact of the Foot and Ankle on Total Knee Replacement/ 1848
SECTION XIIB Revision and Complex Knee Arthroplasty
169 Complications of Total Knee Arthroplasty/ 1858
170 Extensile Exposures for Revision Total Knee Replacement/ 1884
171 Revision of Aseptic Failed Total Knee Arthroplasty/ 1897
172 The Infected Total Knee Replacement/ 1916
173 Instability in Total Knee Arthroplasty/ 1927
174 Management of Bone Defects in Revision Total Knee Arthroplasty: Augments，Structural and Impaction Graft/ and Cones/ 1936
175 Patellar Revision/ 1946
176 Patellar Fractures in Total Knee Arthroplasty/ 1953
177 Extensor Mechanism Disruption After Total Knee Arthroplasty/ 1959
SECTION XIII Total Knee Arthroplasty Perioperative Management Issues
178 Obesity: Risks of Intervention， Benefi ts of Optimization/ 1968
179 Pain Catastrophizers: A Subgroup at Risk for Poor Outcome After Total Knee Arthroplasty/ 1972
180 Medical Optimization of Patients With Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease and Cardiovascular Risk Factors/ 1979
181 Decreasing the Risk of Surgical Site Infections Following Total Knee Arthroplasty/ 1983
182 Effects of Prehabilitation， Falls， and Musculoskeletal Comorbidity on Total Knee Arthroplasty Outcomes/ 1988
183 Intra-articular and Periarticular Injections/ 1995
184 Techniques and Eligibility for Same Day，Next Day Discharge of Total Knee Arthroplasty/ 2001
185 Pain Management After Total Knee Arthroplasty Patients Leave the Hospital/ 2007
PART I Hospital Management of TKA Patients
186 Continuous Passive Motion: Pros and Cons/ 2014
187 Cryotherapy After Total Knee Arthroplasty/ 2018
188 Immediate Motion versus Splinting After Total Knee Arthroplasty/ 2020
189 Internet-Based versus In-Person Physical Therapy After Total Knee Arthroplasty/ 2022
190 Venous Thromboembolic Disease: Etiology and Risk Factors After Total Knee Arthroplasty/ 2025
191 ACCP， SCIP， and AAOS Guidelines for Venous Thromboembolism Prophylaxis After Total Knee Arthroplasty/ 2030
192 Aspirin and Sequential Pneumatic Compression Devices: Strengths and Limitations/ 2034
193 Venous Thromboembolic Disease Stratifi cation of Risk: Who Needs Aggressive Anticoagulation/ 2038
194 Bleeding and Infection Risk With Aggressive Anticoagulation: How to Minimize Suboptimal Outcomes/ 2044
195 Total Joint Arthroplasty—Historical Perspective: Declining，Reimbursement/ Rising Costs/ 2049
196 Payment Paradigms/ 2053
197 Physician-Hospital Partnerships/ 2057
198 Value-Based Purchasing/ 2062
199 Quality Measures and Payment for Total Knee Replacement/ 2068
SECTION XIV Tumors About the Knee
200 Evaluation of the Patient With a Bone Lesion About the Knee/ 2079
201 Surgical Treatment of Benign Bone Lesions/ 2085
202 Surgical Management of Malignant Bone Tumors Around the Knee/ 2096
203 Allograft Prosthetic Composite Reconstruction of the Knee/ 2102
204 Megaprostheses for Reconstruction Following Tumor Resection About the Knee/ 2110
205 Metastatic Disease About the Knee: Evaluation and Surgical Treatment/ 2116
206 Soft Tissue Tumors of the Knee/ 2128
207 Common Pitfalls in Tumors About the Knee: How to Recognize and Avoid/ 2139
內容試閱：
When the late Dr. John Insall wrote the preface of the FirstEdition of Insall & Scott Surgery of the Knee in 1984， he alreadyhad a vision of a comprehensive evolutionary textbook relatedexclusively to knee pathology and surgery. Some 33 years laterthis book is now in its Sixth Edition due to the continued effortsand innovations brought by Dr. Insall ’ s original partner andfriend Dr. W. Norman Scott. This book is not only covering allaspects of knee surgery such as ligament reconstruction， meniscusdisease， cartilage repair， fractures about the knee， and kneearthroplasty， but also is considering the clinical， anatomical，biomechanical， and imaging evaluation of the knee joint.This book is also considering the patient himself in terms ofdemographic differences， expectations of the surgery， andperioperative management such as postoperative pain control.
The computer world has overwhelmed the fi eld of continuousmedical education and the Sixth Edition of Insall & ScottSurgery of the Knee has beautifully taken up the challenge ofproviding， both for the young and committed orthopedic surgeons，an evolving video technique section to maintain thestatus of the book as current as possible. This Sixth Edition alsoexpands the world-wide contributions from the United States，Europe， and Asia， focusing on all aspects of clinical examinations，MRI imaging， knee anatomy， sports medicine， andreconstructive knee surgical techniques. Dr. Insall ’ s decision inthe First Edition was to reach out of the walls of his own hospitalin New York City in order to include additional expertise. ThisSixth Edition of Insall & Scott Surgery of the Knee furtherexpands the horizon across the oceans， East， and West， withmore than 20 chapters from International contributors.
Understanding the biomechanics of the knee starts with acorrect comprehension of the anatomy and Rayesh Maniarfrom India describes the features of the Asian knee. The fi eld ofarticular cartilage repair has now reached the time of maturity，consensus， while controversies will continue to be benefi cial inthe pursuit of progress. Lars Peterson from Sweden provides aninternational overview and results with autologous chondrocyteimplantation techniques. Dr. Pinczewski from Australia， apioneer in ACL reconstruction， and Dr. Kim from Korea likewisefor PCL reconstruction， demonstrate their own vastexperiences. The surgical correction of bony deformity both forthe patella-femoral or the tibio-femoral joint has always been atrade-mark of the Lyon school in France， and respectively，Dr. Dejour and Dr. Neyret with their co-authors detail theirown specifi c contribution.
Considering the knee as three separate articulations has ledto selective compartmental replacement， a tradition in Europefor several decades. Contributions in that fi eld come from theUnited Kingdom with Chris Dodd; Italy with Paolo Adravantiand Francesco Benazzo; Belgium with Emmanuel Thienpont;and France with Jean-Noel Argenson， Matthieu Ollivier， andSebastien Parratte. The last three decades in the fi eld of totalknee arthroplasty has been fraught with debates， controversies，and most importantly success. The Sixth Edition of Insall& Scott Surgery of the Knee includes PCL retaining or substitutingoptions provided respectively by Ate Wymenga fromthe Netherlands and Sam Tarabichi from the Middle East.Dr. Schindler from the UK and Dr. Matsumoto from Japanrefl ect on the debate regarding resurfacing of the patella or not.Both inside and outside the United States we are seeing newinterpretations about alignment considerations and surgicaloptions to obtain a mobile and stable knee after the arthroplasty.Johan Bellemans and Jan Victor from Belgium discuss the issuesexhaustively. Intraarticular or extraarticular deformities at thetime of total knee arthroplasty are world-wide challenges andShuichi Matsuda from Asia and Andrea Baldini for Europeaccurately describe their successful approaches. These surgicaltechniques are also often applicable to the use of specifi ctechnologies such as computer， robotics， or custom guides， andEmmanuel Thienpont details these approaches in an expertfashion.
The Sixth Edition of Insall & Scott Surgery of the Knee maintainsthis book ’ s reputation as “The” reference for knee surgeryproviding the orthopedic surgeon from the United States，Europe， Middle East， or Asia with a considerable number ofprinciples， details， and experiences covering all aspects of kneepathology， evaluation， and surgical treatments. While the spiritof late Dr. John Insall is still evident in the Sixth Edition of Insalland Scott Surgery of the Knee， the considerable and uniquecontributions of Dr. W. Norman Scott and his section editorsin the organization of this book and its video section is noweven more evident with the inclusion of so many internationalinnovators and experts throughout the world.
Jean-Noel A. Argenson ， MD
Professor and Chairman
Department of Orthopedic Surgery
The Institute for Locomotion， Aix-Marseille University
Marseille ， France
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