Part ⅠIntroduction
Preface3
0.1Structure of Entrepreneurial Activities3
0.2Data Sources4
0.3Chapter Structure of The Book 5
Chapter 1Structural Understanding of Entrepreneurial Activities7
1.1Entrepreneurial Activities and Their Output 7
1.2Composition of the GEM Conceptual Framework8
1.3Structural Indicators of Entrepreneurial Activities9
1.4GEM Special Research 13
Part ⅡCharacteristics Structure
Chapter 2Youth Entrepreneurship17
2.1Age Distribution of Youth Entrepreneurship 17
2.2Characteristics of Youth Entrepreneurship 18
2.3Quality of Youth Entrepreneurship 24
2.4Attitudes of Youth Towards Entrepreneurship 27
2.5Summary 33
Chapter 3Women Entrepreneurship 34
3.1Level of Women Entrepreneurship Activities and Trends 34
3.2Characteristics of Women Entrepreneurship in China 35
3.3Quality of Women Entrepreneurship in China 40
3.4Attitudes of Women Towards Entrepreneurship 43
3.5Summary 48
Chapter 4Senior Entrepreneurship 50
4.1Overview of Senior Entrepreneurship in China 50
4.2Quality of Senior Entrepreneurship in China 56
4.3Main factors affecting Senior Entrepreneurship 61
4.4Summary64
Chapter 5Social Entrepreneurship 66
5.1Social Entrepreneurship in Broad Definition 66
5.2Social Entrepreneurship in Narrow Definition 69
5.3Quality of Social Entrepreneurship 71
5.4Characteristics of Social Entrepreneurship74
5.5Summary80
〉〉中国创业观察——创业活动的结构分析
Contents〈〈
Chapter 6Service Sectors Entrepreneurship82
6.1Classification and Composition of Service Sector in GEM82
6.2Composition and Trends of Service Sectors Entrepreneurship
in China 83
6.3Entrepreneurial Activities in Different Service Sectors 86
6.4Global Comparison in Distribution of Service Sectors
Entrepreneurship95
6.5Summary99
Part ⅢQuality Structure
Chapter 7Innovationbased Entrepreneurship103
7.1New Products/Services103
7.2New Market106
7.3Innovation Index106
7.4Characteristics of Innovative Entrepreneurs in Different Stages107
7.5Social Networks of Innovationbased Entrepreneurship109
7.6Internationalization of Innovationbased Entrepreneurship110
7.7Summary114
Chapter 8HighGrowth Entrepreneurship116
8.1HighExpectation and HighGrowth Entrepreneurship116
8.2Characteristics of HighGrowth Entrepreneurship118
8.3Quality of HighGrowth Entrepreneurship123
8.4Summary134
Chapter 9International Entrepreneurship135
9.1Level of Internationalization of Entrepreneurship in China135
9.2Global Comparison in International Entrepreneurship137
9.3SelfEfficacy of International Entrepreneurs140
9.4Born Global Startups142
9.5Internationalization of Different Types of Entrepreneurial
Activities145
9.6Summary150
Chapter 10Employment Effects of Entrepreneurship152
10.1Employment Effects of Entrepreneurship in China and
their Trends152
10.2Global Comparison in Capacity of Job Creation of
Entrepreneurship154
10.3Job Creation Capacity of Entrepreneurship with Different
Characteristics157
10.4Job Creation Capacity of Entrepreneurship with Different
Quality162
10.5Characteristics and Quality impacts on Job Creation of
Entrepreneurship165
10.6Summary168
Chapter 11Business Exits170
11.1Changing Trends of Business Exits170
11.2Reasons for Business Exits171
11.3Group Characteristics of Exited Startups175
11.4Business Exits of EarlyStage Entrepreneurial Activities181
11.5Summary186
Part ⅣRegional Structure
Chapter 12Regional Entrepreneurial Activities189
12.1Level and Trends of Regional Entrepreneurial Activities in
China189
12.2Factors of Difference in Regional Entrepreneurial Activities193
12.3Factors Influencing the Entrepreneurial Activities in two
types of regions196
12.4Summary197
Chapter 13Entrepreneurship Environment of Major Cities in China199
13.1Evaluation System199
13.2Evaluation Results200
13.3Regional Difference208
13.4Summary214
Part ⅤInternational Multilateral Structure
Chapter 14Comparison in Entrepreneurial Activities Between G20 and
BRICS217
14.1Commonalities in Entrepreneurial Activities218
14.2Differences in Entrepreneurial Activities229
14.3Comparison in Environments for Entrepreneurial Activities239
14.4Summary249
Part ⅥEcosystem Structure
Chapter 15Entrepreneurship Environment253
15.1Comprehensive Index for Entrepreneurship Environment
of China253
15.2Framework Conditions of Entrepreneurship Environment of
China254
15.3Changes in Entrepreneurship Environment in China264
15.4Summary268
Chapter 16Entrepreneurial Culture270
16.1SelfPerceptions270
16.2SocialPerceptions280
16.3Social and Cultural Norms287
16.4Summary290
Appendix 1Overview of GEM Methodology291
Appendix 2Summary of Public Releases of GEM China Reports Over Time292