An Inquiry Into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations,中文译名为《国富论》或《国民财富的性质和原因的研究》,作者亚当·斯密是英国著名古典政治经济学家、哲学家,被誉为现代西方经济学之父。这是一部划时代的巨著,是市场经济学的“圣经”。该书在历史上首次提出了全面系统的经济学说,为该领域的发展奠定了坚实的基础,它是现代政治经济学研究的起点。它概括了古典政治经济学在形成阶段的理论成就,最早系统地阐述了政治经济学的各个主要学说,标志着自由资本主义时代的到来。主张自由市场,反对政府干预和垄断,但也不认为商业制度本身是完全值得赞美的;在赞扬对物质追求的同时,又鄙视商人的不良行为和 策略。
上 册
导论及全书设计Introduction and Plan of the Work 1
第一篇 论劳动生产力逐步提高的原因及劳动
产品在不同阶层的人之间的自然分配顺序。
BOOK I Of the Causes of Improvement in the Productive
Powers of Labour, and of the Order According to which Its
Produce is Naturally Distributed among the different
Ranks of the People. 5
第一章 论劳动分工Chapter I Of the Division of Labour 7
第二章 论劳动分工的起因Chapter II Of the Principle
which Gives Occasion to the Division of Labour 18
第三章 论市场范围对劳动分工的限制
Chapter III That the Division of Labour is Limited
by the Extent of the Market 23
第四章 论货币的起源和使用Chapter IV Of the Origin
and Use of Money 30
第五章 论商品的真实价格和名义价格,或论商品的劳
动价格和货币价格
Chapter V Of the Real and Nominal Price of
Commodities, or of Their Price in Labour, and Their
Price in Money 39
第六章 论商品价格的构成Chapter VI Of the Component
Parts of the Price of Commodities 58
第七章 论商品的自然价格和市场价格
Chapter VII Of the Natural and Market Price of
Commodities 68
第八章 论劳动工资Chapter VIII Of the Wages of Labour 80
第九章 论资本利润Chapter IX Of the Profits of Stock 106
第十章 论不同用途的劳动工资和资本利润
Chapter X Of Wages and Profit in the Different
Employments of Labour and Stock 119
第十一章 论地租Chapter XI Of the Rent of Land 170
第二篇 论资产的性质、积累和使用
BOOK II Of the Nature, Accumulation, and
Employment of Stock 293
引言Introduction 295
第一章 论资产的分类
Chapter I Of the Division of Stock 298
第二章 论作为社会总资产的特别部分或作为维护
国民资本支出的货币Chapter II Of Money
Considered as a Particular Branch of the General
Stock of the Society, or of the Expense of
Maintaining the National Capital 308
第三章 论资本的积累或论生产性劳动和非生产性劳动
Chapter III Of the Accumulation of Capital,
or of Productive and Unproductive Labour 360
第四章 论获取利息的贷出资产
Chapter IV Of Stock Lent at Interest 383
第五章 论资本的不同用途
Chapter V Of the Different Employment
of Capitals 394
第三篇 论各国财富增长的不同途径
BOOK III Of the Different Progress of
Opulence in Different Nations 413
第一章 论财富的自然增长Chapter I Of the Natural
Progress of Opulence 415
第二章 论罗马帝国灭亡后欧洲旧状态下农业的抑制
Chapter II Of the Discouragement of Agriculture
in the Ancient State of Europe after the Fall of the
Roman Empire 422
第三章 论罗马帝国灭亡后城市的兴起和发展
Chapter III Of the Rise and Progress of Cities
and Towns, after the Fall of the Roman Empire 435
第四章 城市商业是如何对乡村改革做出贡献的
Chapter IV How the Commerce of the Towns
Contributed to the Improvement of the Country 447
下 册
第四篇 论政治经济学体系BOOK IV Of Systems of
Political Economy 463
引言Introduction 465
第一章 论商业主义或重商主义的原理
Chapter I Of the Principle of the Commercial, or
Mercantile System 466
第二章 论限制从国外进口国内能生产的商品
Chapter II Of Restraints upon the Importation from
Foreign Countries of Such Goods as Can be
Produced at Home 494
第三章 论对其贸易差额被认为不利于我国的那些国家的
几乎所有商品的进口实施特别限制
Chapter III Of the Extraordinary Restraints upon the
Importation of Goods of Almost All Kinds, from Those
Countries with which the Balance is Supposed to
be Disadvantageous 518
第四章 论退税Chapter IV Of Drawbacks 549
第五章 论奖金Chapter V Of Bounties 556
第六章 论通商条约Chapter VI Of Treaties of
Commerce 602
第七章 论殖民地Chapter VII Of Colonies 616
第八章 关于对重商主义论述的结论
Chapter VIII Conclusion of the Mercantile
System 713
第九章 论重农主义,或论把土地产物看做是各国收
入和财富唯一或主要来源的政治经济学体系
Chapter IX Of the Agricultural Systems, or of
Those Systems of Political Economy, which Represent
the Produce of Land as Either the Sole or the
Principal Source of the Revenue and Wealth of
Every Country 738
第五篇 论君主或国家的收入BOOK V Of the Revenue
of the Sovereign or Commonwealth 769
第一章 论君主或国家的开支Chapter I Of the Expenses
of the Sovereign or Commonwealth 771
第二章 论社会的一般收入或公共收入的来源
Chapter II Of the Sources of the General or Public
Revenue of the Society 909
第三章 论公债Chapter III Of Public Debts 1015
附录Appendix 1063